Anatomy Respiration
Need to Know Ch. 23
Terms
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- air pressure
- brings air into lungs
- Carbon Monoxide
- bonds to hemoglobin and won't let go - causes suffocating/death
- Bicarbonate, Carboaminohemoglobin, dissolved
- how CO2 is carried in
- Carbaminohemoglobin
- carbon dioxide bonds with hemoglobin
- surfactant
- reduces surface tension of water
- carbonic anhydrase
- used to make carbonic acid (w/ CO2 and H20)
- Deep inhalations
- causes slow breathing, slow rate, increase oxygen, decrease carbon dioxide
- surface tension
- force exerted by alveoli coated with alveolar fluid
- air sacs
- groups of alveoli
- Boyles' Law
- volume of gas varies inversely with its pressure
- bronchioles
- branch of tertiary bronchus further dividing down to air sacs
- 4%
- how much carbon dioxide is exhaled
- Squamous epithelial
- what alveoli are made of
- by % (% * pressure)
- how to calculate partial pressure
- Henry's Law
- amount of gas dissolved in liquid is proportional to partial pressure
- Epiglottis
- piece of cartilage that covers glottis
- carbon dioxide, pH, oxygen
- affect respirations chemoreceptors
- molecular makeup of air
- 78% N, 20% O, 0.4% CO2, trace things
- Glottis
- opening to trachea
- internal respiration
- to cells
- Medulla
- controls respiration
- Oxyhemoglobin
- hemoglobin binded to oxygen
- Avogadro's Law
- 6.02 * 10^23
- sections of (the) pharynx
- nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
- Epithelial Cells
- lung cells most likely to become cancer
- relaxation of diaphragm (recoil of tissue)
- makes air leave lungs
- bronchi
- branches of the respiratory passageway- primary, secondary, lobar, tertiary
- larynx
- voice box, Adam's apple, connects to trachea
- visceral pleura layer
- covers lungs
- Minimal Air
- air left behind in air sacs
- hemoglobin
- carries oxygen (and some CO2)
- Residual Volume
- volume of air still contained in lungs after maximal exhalation (left over)
- Dalton's Law
- total atmosphere pressure = sum of partial pressures
- Lobes of lungs
- superior, inferior, middle; L side has 2 smaller, R side has 3
- Alveolar sac, capillaries, basement membrane
- what makes up the respiratory membrane
- Charles' Law
- volume changes with temperature
- Tidal Air
- same as Tidal volume
- how altitude affects respiration
- the partial pressures are lower as the altitude raises (higher = less O2)
- Carbon dioxide
- regulates the release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin
- Hair in nose, mucus, WBC
- Removes microorganisms from the air we breathe
- Emphysema
- lung disorder where the alveolar wall disintegrates; caused by exposure to cigarette smoke
- Vital Capacity
- the most air you can exhale
- high air pressure
- what causes more gases put into
- ciliated epithelium
- removes dust (microorganisms) from air
- external respiration
- in alveolar sacs
- Vocal Cord Tension
- controls the sound coming from vocal cords
- Residual Air
- minimal air + a little more (same as residual volume)
- Tidal Volume
- volume of air breathed in and out during 1 breath (normal)
- Total Lung Capacity
- sum of tidal volume, residual volume, vital capacity, etc.
- Effects of pH on hemoglobin
- pH down- release more oxygen; pH up- less oxygen released