arthrology and the muscular system
Terms
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- supination
- rotates the palm superiorly or anteriorly
- rotation
- moving a bone around its own axis, which no other movement, example turning head from side to side
- cranial sutures, sternocostal articulation
- examples of synarthrosis
- protraction
- movement of the mandible or shoulder girdle forward on a plane parallel to the ground
- eversion
- turning the foot outward at the ankle (movement of soles laterally, so that soles of feet face away from each other)
- retraction
- movement of a protracted part of the body posteriorly on a plane parallel to the ground as in pulling the lower jaw back in line with the upper jaw
- extension
- increases the angle at an articulation
- elevation
- movement in which part of the body moves superiorly
- inversion
- turning the foot inward at the ankle (movement of soles medially, so that soles of feet face each other)
- orbicularis oculi muscle
- closes the eyes
- esophageal orifice
- allows for the passage of the esopagus and vagus nerve through the diaphram
- insertion
- attachment of the other muscle tendon to the movable bone
- arthrology
- the study of joints or articulations
- shoulder, hip, elbow, knee
- examples of diarthrosis
- pronation
- rotates the palm inferiorly or posteriorly
- transverse fibers
- run perpendicular to the midline of the body (ex. transverse abdominis)
- belly of the muscle
- is the fleshy portion of the muscle between the tendon of origin and the tendon of insertion
- tendon
- type of dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
- constriction
- reduction in the side of an opening, passage of the body, or blood vessel
- origin
- the attachment of a muscle tendon to the stationary bones
- abduction
- moves an extremity away from the midline of the body
- flexion
- decreases the angle at an articulation
- depression
- movement in which part of the body moves inferiorly
- long
- longus
- aortic orifice
- allows for the passage of the aorta, azygoes and hemiazygos vein through the diaphram
- immovable joint/synarthrosis
- bones are held together by a fibrough connective tissue, there is no joint cavity, there is a complete fusion of bones
- external anal sphincter
- keeps anal canal and orifice closed
- largest
- maximus
- frontalis and occipitalis
- two portions of the occipitofrontalis/epicranius are..
- adduction
- moves an extremity towards the midline of the body
- pubis symphisis, sacroiliac articulations
- examples of amphiarthrosis
- slightly movable/amphiarthrosis
- these are slightly moveable because the bones are separeted more than in a suture and and some flexibility is permitted, there is no joint cavity
- rectus fibers
- run parallel to the midline of the body (ex. rectus abdominis)
- inferior vena cava orifice
- allows the IVC to pass through diaphram
- sphincter muscle
- a circular msucle contricting an orifice
- freely movable/diarthrosis
- is an articulation in which there is a space between the articulating bones called a synovial cavity, because of this cavity and the arrangement of the articular capsule ans asscessory ligaments, synovial joints are freely movable
- orbicularis oris muscle
- closes the lips
- articulation or joint
- is a point of contact between two or more bones
- triceps
- three orgins (ex. triceps brachii)
- circumdation
- occurs as a result of a continuous sequence of flexion, extension, and adduction. example, moving the humerus in a circle at the shoulder joint
- short
- brevis
- oblique fibers
- run diagonal to the midline of the body (ex. external oblique)
- quadriceps
- four origins (ex. quadriceps femoris)
- smallest
- minumus
- biceps
- two origins (ex. biceps brachii)
- aponeurosis
- broat flat tendon cennecting a msucle to bone or muscle to another muscle
- calcaneal tendon/achilles tendon
- strongest tendon in the body. the common tendon between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
- galea aponeurotica
- the msucles of the head are united by a strong aponeurosis called the..
- occipitofrontalis/epicranius
- muscle of the head divisible in two portions
- dilation
- an increase in the diameter of a body opening or passage of the body, or blood vessel
- diaphram/phrenic
- principal muscle of respiration, dome shaped, seperates the ventral cavity into an upper thoracic and lover abdominal and pelvic cavities