Neck Muscles
Terms
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Origin:
Platysma
(inferior attachment) - Subcutaneous fascia covering the pectoralis major and the deltoid
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Insertion:
Platysma
(superior attachment) - Lower margin of madible, and subcutaneous fascia and muscles of jaw and mouth
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Action:
Platysma - Draws down the lower lip and angle of mouth, tenses skin of neck; helps depress mandible
- The muscle that tenses the neck when shaving.
- Platysma
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Origin:
Sternocleidomastoid
(inferior attachment) -
Sternal head - manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head - superior border of medial third of clavicle -
Insertion:
Sternocleidomastoid
(superior attachment) - Mastoid process of temporal and lateral half of superior nuchal line
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Action:
Sternocleidomastoid -
Contraction of one side - bends neck laterally and rotates head to opposite side.
Contraction of both sides together - flexes neck; with head fixed it assists in elevating the thorax during forced inspiration - Spasms in this muscle causes "wryneck" or torticollis.
- Sternocleidomastoid
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Trigger Points:
Sternocleidomastoid - Along the entire length of both heads of the muscle.
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Referred Pain Pattern:
Sternocleidomastoid - Head and face, especially in the occipital region, ear, and forehead.
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Synergists:
Sternocleidomastoid - Scalene group
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Antagonist:
Sternocleidomastoid - Erector Spinae group
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Origin:
Longus Capitus
(inferior attachment) - Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 3rd through 6th cervical vertebrae
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Insertion:
Longus Capitus
(superior attachment) - Basilar process of occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum.
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Action:
Longus Capitis - Flexes cervical vertebrae and head
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Synergists:
Longus Capitis -
- Longus colli
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalanes Group
- Platysma -
Antagonist:
Longus Capitis -
-Rectus Capitis Poster Superior and Inferior
-Longissimus capitis -
Origin:
Acalenus Anterior
(superior attachment) - Anterior tubercle of the transverse processes of the third through sixth cervical vertebrae
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Insertion:
Scalenus Anterior
(inferior attachment) - Scalene tubercle on the inner border and upper surface of the first rib
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Action:
Scalenus Anterior - Bends the cervical portion of the vertebral column forward and laterally. Also assists in the elevation of the first rib.
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Trigger points:
Scalenus Anterior - Multiple, along the length of the muscle.
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Referred Pain Pattern:
Scalenus Anterior - along the upper and lower arm, lateral side of the hand and just lateral to the midline in both the anterior and posterior upper thorax
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Synergists:
Scalenus Anterior -
- Scalene Muscles
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Longus Capitis
- Longus Colli -
Antagonists:
Scalenus Anterior -
- Upper divisions of erector spinae muscles
- Rhomboids
- Rectus posterior -
Origin:
Scalenus Medius
(superior attachment) - Front of the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the second through seventh cervical vertebrae
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Insertion:
Scalenus Medius
(inferior attachment) - Upper surface of the first rib
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Action:
Scalenus Medius - Acting from above, it helps to raise the first rib. Acting from below, it laterally flexes the neck.
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Trigger points:
Scalenus Medius - Multiple, along the length of the muscle
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Referred Pain Pattern:
Scalenus Medius - Along the upper and lower arm, lateral side of the hand and just lateral to the midline in both the anterior and posterior upper thorax.
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Synergists:
Scalenus Medius -
- Other scalene muscles
- Sternocleidomastiod
- Longus capitus
- Longus colli -
Antagonist:
Scalenus Medius -
- upper divisions of the erector spinae muscles
- rhomboids
- rectus posterior muscles - Muscles that act as an accessory muscles of respiration by raising the first and second ribs to assist in inspiration
- Scalenes
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Origin:
Scalenus Posterior
(superior attachment) - Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fourth through sixth cervical vertebrae
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Insertion:
Scalenus Posterior
(inferior attachment) - Outer surface of the second rib
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Action:
Scalenus Posterior - Raises second rib. When the second rib is fixed, bends the lower end of the cervical portion of the vertebral column to the same side.
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Trigger Point:
Scalenus Posterior - In the belly near the rib attachment
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Referred Pain Pattern:
Scalenus Posterior - Pectoral region, rhomboid region, and entire length of the arm to the hand.
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Synergists:
Scalenus Posterior -
- Other scalene muscles
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Longus capitus
- Longus colli -
Antagonists:
Scalenus Posterior - - Upper divisions of erector spinae muscles, rhomboids, rectus posterior muscles