Bio100 10-7-05
Terms
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- Metabolism
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*All the chemical reactions in an organism
-in multicellular organisms different cells capable of performing different tasks.
-different parts perform different jobs.
-but all of the work gets done. - Autotrophs
-
-an organism capable of living exclusively on inorganic materials, water and some source of sunlight of chemically
-turn simple inorganic compunds into complex organic compounds.
-if don't use sunlight but reduce molecules for energy source.
-(chemosynythesis) - Heterotrophs
-
-can't live without autotrophs
-requires organic material from autotrophs for respiration (break down of sugars). - Catabolism
-
*Break down reactions
-energy released
-break covalent bonds between atoms. - Anabolism
-
*Build up reactions
-synthesis from broken down materials
-require an energy imput. - ingestion
- taking in of needed molecules
- transportation
- the movement of molecules in an organism
- assimilation
- absorption of molecules
- digestion
- tearing down of molecules
- excrete
- get rid of wastes
- Photosynthesis
-
-reverse reation of cellular respiration
-builds sugars from carbon dioxide
-basis of physical wealth on the planet-builds biomass - asexual
- mitosis exact duplication
- sexual
- uniting of sex gametes within species leads to more biological variation
- determination
- related to DNA gene regulation
- differentiation
- morphological changes to suit function
- growth
- increase in the size and the number of cells
- death
-
loss of cells
-can be programmed genetically - atoms
-
-C, N O, H, P, ect.
-the simplest form an "element" can take and still have its properties - Molecules
-
two or more atoms joined together in a specific ratio and can be divided into two groups
-organic
-inorganic - organic
-
-based on carbon and hydrogen atoms
-ex: carbs, proteins, fats, crude oil, nucleic acids ect. - inorganic
-
-not composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms
-ex: carbon dioxide, water, nitric acid, sulfur dioxide - cells
-
*the basic unit of organic (carbon based) life
-many types but basic style is same (modification according to function)
-single cell can perform all life functions: capable of independent existence and reproduction
-cellular level consists of surrounding fluid (extracellular fluid)
-many organisms are sigle celled called "microorganisms" - Tissue
-
-a set of cells that function in the same way
-animal tissure types-epithelium, connective, muscle, and nerve - Organ
- multiple tissure area that performs one function
- Organ system
- a group of organs that perform a single job
- organism
- any complete living thing
- species
- individuals capable of interbreeding freely with one another to produce viable offspring
- population
- a group of organisms tht coexist at the same time and in the same place and are capable of interbreeding.
- habitat
- groups of populations existion in the same area
- ecosystem
- the oragnisms of a particular habitat together with the physical (non living) environment
- biosphere
- the sum of all earth's ecosystems.
- Emergent properties
-
1. combinations of above give unique properties not found in lower levels.
2. the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
ex: an organism is born and dies, but only a population has a birth and a death rate. - monera
- single celled bacteria; prokaryotic-no nuclear membrane
- Protista
- Single or multicellular; eukaryotic has nuclear membrane
- Fungi
- absorb materials from surrounding environment; decomposers has nuclear membrane
- Plantae
- primarily multicellular, but some unicellular; photosynthesis; autotrophs, has nuclear membrane
- Anamalia
- multi-cellular, eukaryotic, hetertophs, has nuclear membrane
- science
- an attepmt to discover order in nature and use that knowledge to make predictions and projections
- scientific data
- facts from observations and measurement
- scientific hypothesis
- an educated guess that explains a scientic law or scientific facts
- models
- simulates complex processes and systems
- scientific theory
- if many experiments by different scientists support a model or a hypothesis, well tested and highly accepted
- scientific method
-
-way in which scientists gather data and formulate and test scientific hypothesis
-a set of questions with no particular rule for answering them there are many methods to scientific reasearch. - Basic Life Processes
- characteristics found in all living things from sigle celled to multicellular- no single way to group these qualities.
- 5 kingdom classification
-
monera,
protista,
fungi,
plantae,
anamalia
(MPFPA)
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