HS 201
Terms
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- Changes with toxic exposure: Growth defects, permanent, genetic material
- Mutagenic
- Changes with toxic exposure: growth defects, temporary, tissue anomolies
- Teratogenic
- Physiological effects: NOEL(no observable effects), relatively minor
- reversible
- Physiological effects: serios, permanent, death
- irreversible
- The science of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and detection.
- Toxicology
-
Eyes(Cataracts can develop)
Skin(accelerated aging)
Immune system (disease)
Crops(lower yields)
Marine life (phytoplankton) - Potential effects of UV light
- Carbon dioxide, CFC's, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and other trace gases are:
- greenhouse gases
- What light is stopped by greenhouse gases?
- Infrared light
- Dose-Response relationship, duration of exposure, tolerance, classes of toxic substances are characteristics of:
- Toxic Agents
- The amount of the material+Length of the exposure+How often the exposure occurs=
- Dose
- Safe human dose equals
- (THD 0.0 (MG/KG/DAY)*70kG)/SF
- Arbitrarily established seperation between the highest level of a chemical that produces no adverse effect in any animal species and the level of exposure estimated to be safe in humans
- Margin of Safety
- TD50/ED50
- threshold/effective dose
- Used by pharmacologist where the lethal dose (LD) is over the effective dose(ED)
- Therapeutic Index
- Durations of exposure
-
Acute short 24 hrs
Subacute short intermediate 24 hrs - 1month
Subchronic long intermediate 1 month- 3 months
Chronic long 3 months- years - A process by whereby exposure to sub-toxic doses of a chemical renders a person tolerant to subsequent doses of the chemical in quantities that would be harmful to non-adapted individuals.
- Tolerance
- Dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, gases-liquids and solids are
- Classes of toxic substances
- A quantitative approach to the behavior of a poison or chemical in the body. Pertaining to a drug in the body.
- Toxicokinetics
- Reversible, local, and NOEL is skin absorption
- Water Souble
- Irreversible, systemic, permanent is skin absorption
- Lipid Soluble
- Mechanism of clearance from the pulmonary system
- Ciliary Mucus Transport, Phagocytosis via lung marcophage, absorption, exhalation
- Nasopharynegeal Region size:
- 5 microns or larger
- Trachaobronchiolar Region size:
- 2 microns- 5 microns
- Alveolar Region size:
- 1 micron and below
- Ultaviolet light, humidity, noise, and radiation are:
- Vectors
- Effects of the fetus, deficits in learning ability, in adults high blood pressure, heart attack are effects of:
- Mercury
- A substance, usually a protein that the body reconizes as foreign and that can evoke an immune response
- Antigen
- Any microrganism capable of producing disease
- Pathogen
- What toxicologist gives the perameters, describes testing methods
- Descriptive
- What toxicologist takes the action and finds why things bind so tightly
- Mechanistic
- What toxicologist does tissue sampling to see what poison it is?
- Analytical/Forensic
- What toxicologist does specifically deals with antidotes?
- Clinical
- What toxicologist is concerned with the harmful effects of chemicals by man in the total ecological system?
- Environmental
- What toxicologist is involved with investigative research of chemicals utilized and produced by industry?
- Occupational/Industrial
- Sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxidem nitrogen dioxidem particulates, hydrocarbons, ozone are sources and effects of:
- Air Pollutants
- U.S. Environmental protection agency creates standards for:
- Drinking Water
- Water is:
- Purified in water treatment plants by fluoridation.
- Light stopped by greenhouse gases is
- Infrared light
- Light let through greenhouse gases is
- visible light
- What is the antidote for carbon monoxide
- Oxygen
- A pesticide banned in the U.S. is:
- DDT
- Industrial chemical used as an insulator in electrical transformers and linked to certain human cancers:
- PCB's
- Increased heart beat, birth defects, and cancers are effects of:
- Air pollution
- Major source of carbon monoxide pollution is:
- Motor vehicle exhaust
- Chemicals used in products that destroy the ozone layer are:
- CFC's
- A disease that is able to be passed on is:
- A communicable disease
- The accumulation of a substance in a food chain is:
- Biomagnification
- Industry processes combine with moisture and fall to the earth as
- Acid Rain
- A weather condition which a cold layer of air is trapped by a warm layer so that pollutants cannot be dispersed :
- Temperature Inversion
- Different types of exposures
-
Acute
Subacute
Subchronic
Chronic - Moisture combining with industry combustion forms
- Acid Rain
- Headache, chronic bronchitis, dizziness and fatigue is results of:
- Carbon Monoxide
- A measure of local air quality and what it means for health is:
- Air quality index
- An antidote for household insecticides is:
- Water, and some drugs
- Specifically deals with antidotes:
- Clinical toxicologist
- The degree to which a substance is toxic is:
- Toxicity
- Ultraviolet rays, microwaves, x-rays, sun, uranium, and nucler weapons are forms of:
- Radiation
- Layers of skin
-
Epidermis-outer layer
Dermis middle layer, cushions the boyd
Adipose tissue- fat layer - Area of the lung that has the greatest gas exchange:
- Alveolus