Psychology Quiz 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Scientific Method
- 1. observation 2. hypothesis 3. experiment 4. evaluate 5. conclude
- first psychology lab
- 1879 in Leipzig Germany by Welhelm Wundt
- psychodynamic theory
- sigmund freud- id, superego, ego
- research methods in psychology
- naturalistic observation, case study (phineas gage), survey, correlation in research, experiment
- independent variable
- variable that is controlld
- dependent variable
- variable that is measured
- milgram experiment
- learners and teachers..learns were actors...65% of teachers went to full shock...1963
- neurons
- building blocks of brain, communication pathways, about 100 billion
- dendrites
- branch like features that receives signals
- myelin sheath
- fatty protectors..speed up impulses
- axon
- trunk like feature
- terminal buttons
- at the end of axon
- vesicles
- inside terminal buttons
- synapse
- gap between two neurons
- neurotransmitters
- chemicals released by neurons into the synapse
- Acetylcholine
- ACH...cognitive fuctions (memory, attention, concentration) Alzheimers disease
- dopamine
- DA...variety of behaviors and functions...schizophrenia (too much DA
- serotonin
- 5HT...sleep, mood, pain, aggression...depression (too little 5HT)...treat with SSRI (prozac)
- endorphins
- natural painkillers...runners high
- neural plasticity
- tendency of neurons to form connections relative to enviornment (remember rats...impoverished vs. enriched)
- neurogenesis
- tendency of brain to grow new neurons...by age 17 have all neurons and PRUNING begins...weeding out neurons you don't need and replacing with useful ones)
- hindbrain
- oldest part, brain meets spinal cord, medulla (breathing, blood pressure, heart rate) and pons (sleep-wake cycle)
- cerebellum
- balance and coordination of bodily movements
- hypothalamus
- controls hunger and thirst, also body temperature
- limbic system
- second thing to evolve, located in middle of the brain
- hippocampus
- long term memory
- amygdala
- four F's...fight, flee, food, fuck
- cerebral cortex
- largest part of brain, newest part of brain, 4 lobes, 2 hemispheres
- 4 lobes of brain
- occipital-sight temporal-hearing, some emotion parietal-sensation, motor, body in space frontal- executive control center in higher cognitive learning, also emotion, impulsivity, social appropriateness
- 2 hemispheres
- left and right
- left hemisphere
- LANGUAGE, analytical, logical, DETAILED ORIENTED
- right hemisphere
- emotional, musical, artisitic, "big picture"
- corpus callosum
- nerve fibers that connect two hemispheres, allows to communicate
- contralateral specialization
- left visual controls right hemisphere, right controls left
- gazzaniga experiment
- patients were split brained (no corpus callosum)...when flashed into right visual..could tell what it was..when flashed in left, could not..when pulled image out with left hand, could say what it was..info stored in right hemi.
- broca's area
- expressive language
- wernicke's area
- receptive language
- aphasia
- loss of language functioning
- afferent neurons
- sensory neurons..BODY to BRAIN
- efferent neurons
- motor neurons...BRAIN to BODY
- somatic nervous system
- controls all senses, all voluntary motor movements
- autonomic nervous system
- contains sympathetic and parasympathetic
- sympathetic nervous system
- fight or flight..pupils dialate, heart rate increases, blood pressure increases, bladder relaxes, lungs dialate, salivation stops
- parasympathetic nervous system
- counters the effects of sympathetic..returns to homeostasis
- thyroid gland
- releases THYROXIN...regulates metabolism
- hyperthyroidism
- too much thyroxin, excessive weight loss, anxious
- pineal gland
- releases MELATONIN..regulates sleep wake cycle
- pancreas
- insulin and glugacon
- diabetes
- too little insulin..too much glucagon...treat with insulin shots
- hypoglycemia
- too much insulin..too little glucagon..treat with sugar
- pituitary gland
- MASTER GLAND...release growth hormone
- dwarfism
- too little growth hormone
- giantism
- too much growth hormone
- gonads
- secrete androgen and estrogen..males=androgen..females=estrogen
- adrenal glands
- adrenaline..important to sympathetic nervous system