///Education///
Terms
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- acculturation
- In earlier societies, education was synonymous w/ ____________.
- Education-
- a group’s formal system of teaching knowledge, values, and skills
- Universal schooling
- standardized texts would instill patriotism
- History and Present day education
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Wealthy attended private schools, poor not educated
1837- “common schools†formed- free public education supported thru taxes
1918- mandatory education laws- req’d all kids to attend school until a specified age or grade
Presently- 63% of all H.S. graduates enter college
84% of Americans over 25 have graduated from H.S. (25% college) - Most industrialized nations
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Japan
Education reflects culture
Teamwork essential, discourage competition
Cultural contradiction- college admissions - Industrialized nations
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Russia
Socialism- education free (incl. college)
Capitalism evil, communism good
Presently- reinventing education
Private, religious schools allowed
Average teacher makes $33/month (1/3 salary of average Russian worker) - Least industrialized nations
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Egypt
Attendance laws not enforced
Poor kids do not go to school
½ of Egyptians are illiterate (more women)
China: 12% graduate H.S., 1% college - Functionalist perspective on education
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Teach knowledge and skills
Cultural transmission of values
Schools pass society’s core values from one generation to the next
Social integration
Stabilize political system
Mainstreaming
Gatekeeping-
Social placement-
Tracking-
The certification of learning
Credential society-
Replacing family functions
Child care, sex ed.
Serve as a matchmaking institution
Establish social networks
Help to stabilize employment
Provides employment - Social integration
- help mold students into a more cohesive unit
- Mainstreaming
- incorporating students w/ disabilities into regular social activities
- Gatekeeping-
- determining which people will enter what occupations
- Social placement-
- funnels people into a society’s various positions
- Tracking
- sorting students into different educ. Programs on the basis of their perceived abilities
- Credential society-
- use of diplomas/degrees as sorting devices
- Conflict perspective on education
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Education reproduces the social class structure
The Hidden Curriculum-
IQ tests and cultural biases
Unequal funding
Correspondence principle- Family background most important - The Hidden Curriculum-
- unwritten rules of behavior and attitudes that schools teach
- Correspondence principle-
- schools reflect the social structure of society
- The Rist Research
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Fast learners, average, slow learners
Labels stuck
Self-fulfilling prophecy - Rosenthal-Jacobson experiment
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20% of students labeled “spurtersâ€
Teacher expectations
IQ raised - Symbolic interactionism
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The Rist Research
Rosenthal-Jacobson experiment - Problems in US education
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Mediocrity
Grade inflation
Social promotion
Functional illiteracy
Test taking enhancement drugs- Adderal
Violence in schools
Peer group most important factor of how teens do in school - Mediocrity-
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teachers/schools lower passing scores
“dummying down†textbooks, SAT’s - Grade inflation-
- higher grades given for same work
- Social promotion-
- the practice of passing students from one grade to the next even though they haven’t mastered basic materials
- Violence in schools
- metal detectors, guards, school shootings (up or down)
- Functional illiteracy
- H.S. graduates have difficulty w/ basic reading and math
- Safety
- expel students who threaten the welfare of others
- High standards
- quality teachers, raise standards, parental involvement, SFP
- Vouchers-
- parents given _______ to be spent on their child at school of their choice (unconstitutional)
- Charter schools-
- public schools financed by taxes but administered by independent groups