Ethical Considerations in SW Research - RAT 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Sensitive Information includes:
- Age, income, number of arrests, drug, and alcohol use, sexual practices
-
Anonymity
-definition- - Cannot be identified by the researcher or anyone else
- Anonymity is violated when...
-
1) Personal identifying information is obtained (name, SS#, phone #)
2) You recognize or know the person -
Confidentiality
-definition- - Protecting and not revealing information
-
Informed Consent
-definition- - Subjects are provided with full information about their participation and includes their rights, risks, and what to expect
-
Assent
-definition- - Agrees to participate
-
Instiutional Review Boards
(IRB) - Approve research efforts proposed by faculty and students.
- IRBs decisions can be either..
-
1) Approve
2) Ask for revisions
3) Refuse - IRB reasons for refusal may include...
-
-too great a risk of harm
-seems to trivial or insignficant -
Ethical Dilemma
-definition- - A choice between 2 or more likely but balanced parts
- Common ethical dilemmas include..
-
-Deception of participants
-Reimbursing participants
-Denial of treatment - It is helpful to do the following when dealing with an ethical dilemma...
-
1) Write down the problem
2) Discuss it with a colleague
3) Read books on ethical decision making - Ways Statistics are used to Lie include...
-
1) Misguiding by reporting only % percentages
2) Using misproportions
3) Presumption of similarity
4) Personal biases
5) Misrepresentation in graphics - Sample size influences...
- the credability of an outcome
- When making comparisons...
- All elements must be as similar as possible
- Personal biases can make it difficult to...
- Present true and accurate pictures
- Researchers should not choose a biased sample means...
- That researchers should not choose persons that support their position
-
True or False.
The quality of a sample is not as important as the size of the sample. -
FALSE
The quality of a sample is just as important as its size. - When constructing categories for presentation in tables it is important to...
- Apply equal intervals
- Developing Categories for Qualitative Data
- Developing Categories for Qualitative Data
-
Text Data
-definition- - The data obtained from doing qualitative research
-
Data Transcription
-definition- - Converting any data (printed, verbal, hand written) into a workable format
-
Written Record
-definition- - A record of the research process as it unfolds and includes the variopus methodological and analytical decisions made
- A written record is important because it...
-
1) Helps document decisions made
2) Allows others to verify steps
3) Provides details for replicating the study - Personal Notes includes...
- All uncensored statements refelcting your thinking and feeing about work and people
- 4 Categories used in a written record
-
1) Observational Data
2) Methodological notes
3) Theoretical Notes
4) Personal Notes - Observational Data includes...
- Concrete, detailed descriptions experienced through the 5 senses
-
Coding
-definition- - Formally catagorizing
- Methodological Notes includes...
- A record of all methodological decisions (whom to interview, how to code)
- Theoretical Notes includes...
- A list of all initial impressions, explanations, and emerging hypotheses
-
Datum
-definition- -
Each numbered response in a qualitative study.
May include only one word or several pages of text - Steps to Coding
-
1) Identify meaningful pieces of data
2) Assign Intial codes
3) Review, Refine, and Reorganize Categories
4) Make Comparisons across Categories - When coding it is important to...
-
-Read through all the transcripts at least once without attempting to assign codes
-Deliniate the choices made and the reasons for those chocies - Open Coding is also known as...
- First-level coding or Ad Hoc Classificatory scheme
-
Code
-definition- -
A word, phase, symbol, abbreviation used to identify or label a piece of data as fitting into a specified category.
-helps to retreive and organize data -
Open Coding
-definition- - The first step towards classifcation where you categorize your data by putting similar pieces of data together.
- Actions done during the 3rd step of coding...
-
-Reexamine the sorting decisions
-Make note of categories you expected to find but didn't
-Ask a colleage to test the analytic scheme by applying the sortinig criteria established to 1+ transcripts - Axial Coding is also known as...
- Second-level coding
-
Axial Coding
-definition- - Examining the relationships that occur among our categories
-
Themes
-definition- - Patterns you find occuring among categories