Common Laboratory Tests
Study guide for the International Phlebotomy Exam
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- Thyroid Studies
- Include T#, T$, T&, TSH, FTI. Determines Thyroid function such as hypo/hyperthyroidism.
- Cardiac Profile
- Evaluation of the cardiac enzymes (CPK, LDH, etc.)
- Crossmatch
- A blood bank trst for the transfusion of blood products
- Uric Acid
- Increase with gout, uremia, acidosis
- CO²
- Carbon Dioxide; Formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs. Evaluates acid-base balance.
- Sickle Cell
- Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia, A hereditary hemolytic anema characterized by sickle shaped erythrocytes
- Calcium
- The most abundant mineral in the body and plays a key role in blood coagulation. Its levels are essential for the maintenance of normal heartbeat and normal functioning of nerves and muscles
- Differential Blood Count
- Microscopic examination of white cells, platelet estimation and RBC morphology. Done on slides (smears)
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Metabolic bone disorders, liver function
- Blood Grouping and Rh Typing
- separates blood into 4 groups
- Acid Phosphatase
- Early diagnosise of CA of the prostate
- Gentamycin
- An antibiotic. Levels are usually drawn before and after the dose is given, (Peak and Trough)
- Triglycerides
- A type of fat in blood
- LE Cells; LE Prep ( Lupus Erythematosus)
- Connective tissue disorder
- CEA
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen: Follow-up CA patients
- Chloride
- Plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis Decreased in pulmonary disease, electrolyte loss or renal disease
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
- The settling of cells ina volume of drawn blood. Inflammatory disease process.
- Iron and Iron Binding Capacity (FE/IBC)
- Increases with liver diseas; decreases with kidney disease, blood loss, cancer, malabsorption.
- Herpes Simplex 1 & 2
- Detects the non-genital and genital viral infections
- Blodd Uria Nitrogen (BUN)
- Kidney Infection
- Bone Marrow
- The soft tissue in the center of bone is aspirated and biopsied to diagnose malignancies.
- Factor Assays
- Coagulation Factors II,V, VII, VIII, IX,X,XI,XII,XIII. Detects specific coagulation factor deficiencies.
- Monospot ( Mononucleosis)
- A viral disease in which monocytes are increased and lymph nodes become enlarged.
- Lipoprotein
- A type of fat in blood
- Phosphorus
- Evaluation of phosphorus metabolism.
- Clotting Time, Capillary
- A skin puncture test performed by the Phlebotomist with a capillary tube, filter paper and stopwatch to determine the period of duration of coagulation of standardized skin puncture. Normal: 3-6 minutes
- CPK ( Creatine Phosphokinase)
- Cardiac or liver function
- Xylose Tolerance Test
- Also knowns as D-Xylose Absorbtion test. Blood and urin are collected after the patient has ingested 25g of Xylose, Diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes.
- Ammonia
- Evaluation of hepatic function
- Cholesterol
- A fat substance. Hypo/Hyperlipidemia
- Fibrinogen
- (Factor I) is a plasma protein formed in the liver. It is converted to fibrin during the clotting process. Fibrin threads are a necessary basis for a firm blood clot. Therfore a lack of this can lead to a sever hemorrhage
- Blood Gases
- Respiratory function, acid-base balance
- Eosinophil Count
- Investigation of allergic disorders, pin worms
- PTT ( Partial Thromboplastin Time)
- Evaluation of the intrinsic coagulation system. Patiens on heparin therapy are monitored by this test
- Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
- A metabolic test of carbohydrate tolerance, drawn at hourly intervals. Blood sugar show return to normal in 2-21hrs after ingesting 100g of glucose.
- SGPT ( Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase)
- Increases with liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice
- Hepatitis Screens
- Individual tests for Hepatitis A or Hepatitis B, surface antigen or antibody; indicates remote or current infection.
- Albumin
- Nutritional status
- Hemoglobin
- The iron-containing pigment of the red blood cell. Its function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tussues, included in the CBC
- Sodium
- Regulates water blance and acid-base balance, increases with hypertension, kidney disease, dehydration, diabetes
- Bleeding Time, Duke Method
- A skin puncture method done by the phlebotomist with a stopwatch and filter paper to determine the period of duration of bleeding. Normal: 1-4
- Liver Profile
- Includes GGT, SGPT, Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphate
- Bilirubin
- A bile pigment formed by the breakdown of erythrocytes, liver function
- Rubella
- German Measles
- Electrolytes-"Lytes"
- Evaluation of renal function and acid-base balance. Includes Na, K, Cl and CO²
- Lithium
- A mood stabilizing drug
- CBC
- Complete Blood count: Evaluation of peripheral blood parameters performed in Hematology. Includes RBC, WBC, HGB, HCT, Indices.
- Fibrin Split Products (FSP)
- Also Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP). This test measures the breakdown products of fibrin and fibrinogen
- LDH ( Lactate Dehydrogenase)
- Increased with MI, liver disease and metastatic CA
- Blood Culture
- Diagnosis of specific infectious diseases
- Amylase
- Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
- Creatinine
- Kidney Function
- SGOT ( Serum Glutamic Ocalocetic Transaminase)
- Increases with liver disease, heart disease, skeletal muscle damage and myocardial infarction
- Lactose Tolerance Test
- (milksugar) To determin if the patient is deficient of the enzymes lactase. Drawn at hourly intervals after the patient has ingested 100g of lactose disolved water.
- Glucose
- A sugar also know as dextros. Screening for Hypo/Hyperglycemia, carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
- Biochemical Profiles
- Many hospitals and labs offer various chemistry screens depending on the type of intrumentation available. Most profiles include a panel of electrolytes and/or enzymes. The profiles may include Na, K, Cl, LDH, CO, SGOI, SGPT, Bilirubin, Total Protein, BUN, Lactic Acid, Cholesterol, Glucose, Ca, Albumin, Creatinine, Uric Acid etc.
- Magnesium
- Evaluation of metabolic disorders. Decreases with renal diseas, alcoholism, pancreatitis, malabsorption etc
- Reticulocyte Count
- Young red blood cells newly delivered int ot the circulation from the bone marrow.
- Bleeding Time, Ivy Method
- Also referred to as a Simplate test, a blood pressure cuff, stopwatch and filter paper are used with a Simplate device for the evaluation of platelet/vascular interaction. Normal: 1-9 min for aspirin free patients
- Syphilis Test
- May be called VDRL ( Veneral Disease Research Laboratories); RPR ( rapid plasma reagent); STS (Serologic Test for Syphilis). Many states require a syphilis test on all admissions and/or employees
- Toxoplasmosis
- An infection similar to mononucleosis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- One of the herpes viruses that causes Cytimegalic inclusion disease (CID)
- Pt (Prothrombin Time)
- A protein produced in the liver and is dependen on the presence of Vitamin K. During the clotting process, prothrombin is converted to thrombin. (Factor II) Evaluation extrinsic coagulation system