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Common Laboratory Tests

Study guide for the International Phlebotomy Exam

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Thyroid Studies
Include T#, T$, T&, TSH, FTI. Determines Thyroid function such as hypo/hyperthyroidism.
Cardiac Profile
Evaluation of the cardiac enzymes (CPK, LDH, etc.)
Crossmatch
A blood bank trst for the transfusion of blood products
Uric Acid
Increase with gout, uremia, acidosis
CO²
Carbon Dioxide; Formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs. Evaluates acid-base balance.
Sickle Cell
Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Anemia, A hereditary hemolytic anema characterized by sickle shaped erythrocytes
Calcium
The most abundant mineral in the body and plays a key role in blood coagulation. Its levels are essential for the maintenance of normal heartbeat and normal functioning of nerves and muscles
Differential Blood Count
Microscopic examination of white cells, platelet estimation and RBC morphology. Done on slides (smears)
Alkaline Phosphatase
Metabolic bone disorders, liver function
Blood Grouping and Rh Typing
separates blood into 4 groups
Acid Phosphatase
Early diagnosise of CA of the prostate
Gentamycin
An antibiotic. Levels are usually drawn before and after the dose is given, (Peak and Trough)
Triglycerides
A type of fat in blood
LE Cells; LE Prep ( Lupus Erythematosus)
Connective tissue disorder
CEA
Carcinoembryonic Antigen: Follow-up CA patients
Chloride
Plays an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis Decreased in pulmonary disease, electrolyte loss or renal disease
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
The settling of cells ina volume of drawn blood. Inflammatory disease process.
Iron and Iron Binding Capacity (FE/IBC)
Increases with liver diseas; decreases with kidney disease, blood loss, cancer, malabsorption.
Herpes Simplex 1 & 2
Detects the non-genital and genital viral infections
Blodd Uria Nitrogen (BUN)
Kidney Infection
Bone Marrow
The soft tissue in the center of bone is aspirated and biopsied to diagnose malignancies.
Factor Assays
Coagulation Factors II,V, VII, VIII, IX,X,XI,XII,XIII. Detects specific coagulation factor deficiencies.
Monospot ( Mononucleosis)
A viral disease in which monocytes are increased and lymph nodes become enlarged.
Lipoprotein
A type of fat in blood
Phosphorus
Evaluation of phosphorus metabolism.
Clotting Time, Capillary
A skin puncture test performed by the Phlebotomist with a capillary tube, filter paper and stopwatch to determine the period of duration of coagulation of standardized skin puncture. Normal: 3-6 minutes
CPK ( Creatine Phosphokinase)
Cardiac or liver function
Xylose Tolerance Test
Also knowns as D-Xylose Absorbtion test. Blood and urin are collected after the patient has ingested 25g of Xylose, Diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes.
Ammonia
Evaluation of hepatic function
Cholesterol
A fat substance. Hypo/Hyperlipidemia
Fibrinogen
(Factor I) is a plasma protein formed in the liver. It is converted to fibrin during the clotting process. Fibrin threads are a necessary basis for a firm blood clot. Therfore a lack of this can lead to a sever hemorrhage
Blood Gases
Respiratory function, acid-base balance
Eosinophil Count
Investigation of allergic disorders, pin worms
PTT ( Partial Thromboplastin Time)
Evaluation of the intrinsic coagulation system. Patiens on heparin therapy are monitored by this test
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
A metabolic test of carbohydrate tolerance, drawn at hourly intervals. Blood sugar show return to normal in 2-21hrs after ingesting 100g of glucose.
SGPT ( Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase)
Increases with liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice
Hepatitis Screens
Individual tests for Hepatitis A or Hepatitis B, surface antigen or antibody; indicates remote or current infection.
Albumin
Nutritional status
Hemoglobin
The iron-containing pigment of the red blood cell. Its function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tussues, included in the CBC
Sodium
Regulates water blance and acid-base balance, increases with hypertension, kidney disease, dehydration, diabetes
Bleeding Time, Duke Method
A skin puncture method done by the phlebotomist with a stopwatch and filter paper to determine the period of duration of bleeding. Normal: 1-4
Liver Profile
Includes GGT, SGPT, Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphate
Bilirubin
A bile pigment formed by the breakdown of erythrocytes, liver function
Rubella
German Measles
Electrolytes-"Lytes"
Evaluation of renal function and acid-base balance. Includes Na, K, Cl and CO²
Lithium
A mood stabilizing drug
CBC
Complete Blood count: Evaluation of peripheral blood parameters performed in Hematology. Includes RBC, WBC, HGB, HCT, Indices.
Fibrin Split Products (FSP)
Also Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP). This test measures the breakdown products of fibrin and fibrinogen
LDH ( Lactate Dehydrogenase)
Increased with MI, liver disease and metastatic CA
Blood Culture
Diagnosis of specific infectious diseases
Amylase
Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
Creatinine
Kidney Function
SGOT ( Serum Glutamic Ocalocetic Transaminase)
Increases with liver disease, heart disease, skeletal muscle damage and myocardial infarction
Lactose Tolerance Test
(milksugar) To determin if the patient is deficient of the enzymes lactase. Drawn at hourly intervals after the patient has ingested 100g of lactose disolved water.
Glucose
A sugar also know as dextros. Screening for Hypo/Hyperglycemia, carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
Biochemical Profiles
Many hospitals and labs offer various chemistry screens depending on the type of intrumentation available. Most profiles include a panel of electrolytes and/or enzymes. The profiles may include Na, K, Cl, LDH, CO, SGOI, SGPT, Bilirubin, Total Protein, BUN, Lactic Acid, Cholesterol, Glucose, Ca, Albumin, Creatinine, Uric Acid etc.
Magnesium
Evaluation of metabolic disorders. Decreases with renal diseas, alcoholism, pancreatitis, malabsorption etc
Reticulocyte Count
Young red blood cells newly delivered int ot the circulation from the bone marrow.
Bleeding Time, Ivy Method
Also referred to as a Simplate test, a blood pressure cuff, stopwatch and filter paper are used with a Simplate device for the evaluation of platelet/vascular interaction. Normal: 1-9 min for aspirin free patients
Syphilis Test
May be called VDRL ( Veneral Disease Research Laboratories); RPR ( rapid plasma reagent); STS (Serologic Test for Syphilis). Many states require a syphilis test on all admissions and/or employees
Toxoplasmosis
An infection similar to mononucleosis
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
One of the herpes viruses that causes Cytimegalic inclusion disease (CID)
Pt (Prothrombin Time)
A protein produced in the liver and is dependen on the presence of Vitamin K. During the clotting process, prothrombin is converted to thrombin. (Factor II) Evaluation extrinsic coagulation system

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