Bio 1B Quiz 2
Terms
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- Cretaceous extinction
- asteroid hypothesis and/or climate change
- Intact fossils
- preserved fossils containing original materials
- Polyphyletic
- pertaining to a grouping of species derived from two or more different ancestral forms
- Sun forms
- 5 billion years ago
- Restriction mapping
- a process which involved cutting up DNA by using restriction enzymes; used for designing and identifying recombinant DNA
- Precambrian era
- (~4.6billion - 542 million years ago) much happened, prokaryotes, eukaryotes
- Eukaryotes
- multicellular diploid organisms that have chromosomes,membrane-bound nuclei and organelles
- Homoplasy
- similar structure or molecular sequence that has evolved independently in two species
- Kin selection
- selection that favors altruistic behavior by enhancing reproductive success of relatives
- DNA-DNA hybridization
- test for differences between species by gluing two strands of DNA together and melting them apart
- Gondwana
- southern subsupercontinent
- Humans
- are not perfect
- Altruism
- behavior of organisms in which they do things that benefit other organisms without benefiting themselves
- Phyletic gradualism
- transformation of an unbranched lineage to a different state (species)
- Monophyletic
- pertaining to a grouping of species consisting of an ancestral species and all its descendants; a clade.
- Plesiomorphy
- an ancestral character
- Rust
- evidence of photosynthetic prokaryotes
- Conditions for life on Earth
- 3.9 billion years ago
- Non-Darwinian evolution
- neutral evolution
- Exaptations
- structures that evolved in one context becomes co-opted for another function
- Paedomorphosis
- retention of ancestral juvenile structures in a sexually mature adult
- Sociobiology
- systematic study of the biological basis of all social behavior based on evolutionary theory
- Hox gene
- provides positional information in an animal embryo
- Molecular clock
- rate of substitution of neutral alleles is relatively constant when not under control of natural selection
- Paraphyletic
- pertaining to a grouping of species that consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of its descendants.
- Cenozoic era
- (65 mya - present) paleogene, neogene
- Analogy
- similarity between two species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor with the same trait
- Herbert Spencer
- coined the term "survival of the fittest"
- Homeosis
- alteration in the placement of different body parts
- Mesozoic era
- (251 - 65 mya) triassic, jurassic, cretaceous
- Replicator
- any entity of which copies are made (ex. DNA)
- Origin of the universe
- ~15 billion years ago
- Homology
- similarity in characteristics resulting in shared ancestry
- Compressed fossils
- very thin fossils still containing original materials
- Alfred Wegener
- came up with the theory of continental drift
- Character
- an observable heritable feature
- Earth forms
- 4.5 billion years ago
- Apomorphy
- a derived character
- Steno's law of superposition
- states that older fossils are on the bottom and younger ones are on the top
- Neutral evolution
- evolution by genetic drift in which proportions of neutral alleles change by random chance
- Parsimony
- a principle that states that the simplest explanation that explains the greatest number of observations is preferred to more complex explanations
- Evolutionary medicine
- the application of principles of evolutionary theory to the practice and research of medicine
- Heterochrony
- evolutionary changes in the timing or rate of development
- Prokaryotes
- organisms that lack membrane bound nucleus and organelles
- Index fossils
- used to recognize strata
- Permian extinction
- extreme volcanism and formation of Pangaea
- Outgroup
- a taxon designated as the least related to the other taxa being compared
- Sedimentary rock
- the only place where fossils are found
- Permineralized fossils
- casts which still contain some of the original materials
- Hypermorphosis
- adult morphology of the descendant is produced by a prolongation of the growth trajectory of its ancestor
- Pangaea
- supercontinent
- Punctuated equilibria
- long periods of stasis punctuated with "sudden" episodes of speciation
- Inclusive fitness
- sum of an individual's fitness quantified as the reproductive success of an individual and its relatives
- Cladogenesis
- branching of new species from a parent species
- Casts
- fossils formed by minerals substituting the place of a decomposing organism
- Allometric growth
- slight changes in relative growth rates can have substantial changes in adults
- Stromatolites
- Earth's earliest fossils formed by prokaryotes
- Paleozoic era
- (542 - 251 mya) cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous, permian
- Laurasia
- northern subsupercontinent