PSY 1300 Chapter 1
Terms
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- father of psychology; chief methodology was introspection
- Wihelm Wundt
- wrote the most important book to field of psychology; "Principles of Physiological Psychology"
- Wihelm Wundt
- study of conscious experience; how we form sensations, images, and feelings
- introspection
- structure of mental life; basic building blocks of the mind
- structuralism
- how the mind functions to adapt human and nonhuman animals to their environment
- functionalism
- strongly influenced by darwin's theory of evolution and emphasis on natural selection
- functionalism
- an American scholar who was the leading force for psychology and wrote "Principles of Psychology"
- William James
- who brought Wundt's ideas to the US and est. a PSY LAB at Cornell; driving force of structuralism
- Edward Titchener
- The Austrian Physician who founded the psychoanalyic/psychodynamic perspective
- Sigmund Freud
- Believed that early childhood experiences help shape our adult personalities and behavior
- Sigmund Freud
- wanted more emphasis on social motives and relationships rather than on sex and aggression
- neo-freudians
- acknowledged founder of behaviorism and who strongly opposed practice of introspection
- John B. Watson
- two central figures in the development of humanism
- Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
- a state of self-fulfillment in which we realize our highest potential
- self-actualization
- among the first women to be recognized in the field; served as first female pres. of APA
- Mary Calkins
- wrote several influential books and served as the second female pres. of the APA
- Floy Washburn
- became the first African American to earn Ph.D in PSY
- Francis Cecil Sumner
- search for cause and effect
- experimental research
- the danger that an experimenter's beliefs and expectations will produce flawed results
- experimenter bias
- two particular problems researchers must guard against
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1. Experimenter Bias
2. Ethnocentrism - two large categories pertaining to particpant problems and solutions
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1. Sample Bias
2. Participant Bias - fear of light
- photophobia
- tools for exploring the nervous system
- Biological Research
- recording of brain waves
- electroncephalogram or EEG
- the instrument for recording brain waves
- electroencephalograph
- electrodes are inserted directly into the brain to stimulate certain areas with weak electrical currents
- electrical stimulation of the brain or ESB
- coputer-enhanced series of x-rays of the brain
- computed tomography or CT
- used to look for abnormalities in brain structures among ppl suffering from mental illness
- magnetic resonance imaging or MRI
- map actual aactivity of brain
- positron emission tomography or PET and functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI scans