Biology test moduole 4
Terms
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- Fermemntation
- the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into smaller molecules
- Sporophore
- A sporophore is an aerial hypha that makes spores
- Mycelium
- the section of fungus that does extracellular digestion and absorption of the digested food
- Hypha
- A filiment of fungal cells
- Chitin
- A chemical that is though and flexible
- Extracellular Digestion
- Digestion that occurs outside the cell
- Soredium
- A dust-like substance that contains alae and fungus spores.
- Haustoria
- a hypha of parasitic fungus that absorbs nutrients from the cytoplasm of a host's cells
- Antibiotic
- a chemical secreted by a live organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of another organism
- Alternate host
- Parasitic fungi use these to survive extreme envioments (winter, for example) by forming another find of spore and resting on these alternate hosts.
- Budding
- Budding occurs when a yeast cell's nucleus reproduces inside one cell. It swells until it pops out from the parents cell and becomes its own cell. This is asexual reproduction.
- Slime molds
- The members of phylum Myxomycotaare slime molds. Most are saprophytic, although a few are parasitic. They generally do not harm their natural surroundings as they feed on bacteria. They need moisture to survive.
- history of penicillin
- Discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming (an English physician), penicillin is a very useful fungus. He accidentially left a bacteria culture open. When he came back, a blue mold had grown. He saw that the mold killed bacteria. He and two others discovered it could be used for human bacteria and thus the first antibiotic was discovered.
- Lichen
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Produced by a mutualistic reltionship between a fungus and an algae. They grow in many places, and because of their mutualistic reltionship, they can survive where other organisms can't.
Fungus - protects
Algae - provides food by photosynthesis
They reproduce by soredium. - Plasmodium (slime molds)
- A few are parasitic, but most are saphrophitic.
- chytrids
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- Most are saphrophitic, some are parasitic.
- Parasitci example: synchytrium endobioticum.
- Causes potato wart. - Rusts
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- Typically grow on living plants
- Make crops virtually useless
- ridding it of its alternate host gets rid of the problem - Smuts
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- Also feed on crops, make them virtually useless
- Research has resulted in crops that are not immune, but less likely to be ruined by fungi. - Shelf Fungi
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- Live on dead wood or trees
- Parasitic only on trees (not dead wood)