Biochemistry, DNA

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Is the size of the DNA genome reflective of how advanced the organisms is?: NO
DNA polymerase take off how many phosphates of the nucleotides, as DNA is synthesized?: phosphates are taken, nucleotides are added in monophosphate form.
3) What is the charge inside of a DNA molecule?: The inside is hydrophobic, therefore is not charged.
4) What is the charge on the outside of a DNA molecule?: The outside of DNA is negatively charged.
5) The charge of DNA, helps the molecules overall?: Stability
6) What is the importance of the major and minor grooves?: Interior bases are exposed, thus, DNA binding proteins can recognize w/o unfolding DNA.
7) Phosphodiester and N-glycosidic bonding are considered what type of bonding?: Covalent bonding.
8) Base stacking, and Hydrogen bonding are considered what type of bonding?: Non-covalent bonding
9) What is Tm?: The melting temperature of a DNA molecule, in which 50% is melted and 50% is bonded.
10) What happened to a DNA molecule in a low salt concentration? And in a high salt concentration?: In a low [NaCl], DNA falls apart easier. In a high [NaCl], DNA sticks together.
11) Is DNA viscous?: Yes
12) Do bases like absorbing light?: Yes
13) As DNA denatures does its light absorption increase or decrease?: It increases, because increasing temperature denatures DNA into a single strand, thus more base absorption of light.
14) What does annealing mean?: The reverse of denaturation
15) In supercoiled (phone cord) DNA do you have (+) and (-) twists?: Yes
16) What is the function of topoisomerase I (Swivelase)?: It removes supercoils, by making a single cut, which is then re-ligated.
17) What is the function of topoisomerase II (a.k.a. DNA Gyrase)?: It produces and removes supercoils, it requires ATP.
18) Do (-) supertwists unwind easier or harder?: Easier.
19) Drugs for cancer and antibiotics target?: Inhibition of DNA gyrases.
20) High Temperature and High salt concentration can do what to DNA?: Split it.
21) What enzyme in cells perform the function of high temperature and high salt concentration?: DNA helicase
22) How many origins of replication does bacterial DNA have?: 1
23) How many origins of replication does eukaryotes have?: They have multiple replicons.
24) What enzyme is required to complete synthesis of ends of linear chromosomes?: Telomerase.
25) What do ssDNA binding proteins do?: They prevent DNA from closing
26) What do the following protein do: Topoisomerase II (gyrase), Helicase (DnaB), DnaA, Dam Methylase, DnaC, HU, Primase (DnaG), SSB proteins, DNA ligase?: They are needed for DNA replication.
28) What are nucleases?: Enzymes that cleave phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids.
29) Exonuclease cut from?: The end.
30) Endonuclease cut from?: The middle.
31) What is the function of lygase?: To glue down.

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Deck Info

Number of cards 30