Biochem Exam 4
Terms
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- THR/RXR/T3
- releases HDAC, binds HAT, encouraging transcription
- common DNA lesions
- depurination, deamination, pyrimidine dimers
- SP-1
- binds GC rich area
- importin
- brings large molecules into nucleus
- Ca++-transporting ATPase
- regulated by thyroid hormone activity
- CBP
- binds to CREB; functions as a HAT
- gene regulatory proteins
- helix-turn-helix; zinc finger; luecine zipper; all interact with major groove
- TATA box
- required for Pol II transcription
- SRE-1
- gene specific regulatory sequence found in promoters of genes whose transcription is regulated in response to intracellular cholesterol levels
- homologus end joining
- no loss of info, uses recombination
- promoter
- DNA sequence telling Pol where to start
- telomerase
- replicates telomeres
- DNA ligase
- joins Okazaki fragments
- PEPCK & lipoprotein lipase
- regulated by cortisol activity
- Ran
- protein involved in importing and exporting large molecules into nucleus; involves GTP
- SREBP-1a
- leucine zipper protein, binds SRE-1; enters nucelus when cholesterol is low in cell; recruits HAT, enhancing LDL receptor gene transcription
- rifampocin
- inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase, not eukaryotic pol; used to treat TB
- HAT
- chromatin remodeling complex; loosens histones by acetylating to encourage transcription
- xerodoma pigmentosum
- disease resulting from mutations that abolish or impair proteins required for nucleotide excision repair
- alternative splicing
- gives rise to tissue specific isoforms
- NF-1
- binds CAAT box
- beta-thalassemia
- disease resulting from incorrect splicing, decreasing synthesis of B-chain in hemoglobin
- DNA polymerase delta
- synthesizes the rest of the new DNA strand
- CREB
- phosphorlyated by PKA, binds CREs, recruits CBPs (which acts as a HAT), facilitating transcription
- DNA binding proteins
- act as nucleation sites for recruitment of more proteins--either HAT or HDAC
- Pol III
- tRNA synthesis
- exportin
- brings large molecules out of the nucleus
- THR/RXR
- recruits HDAC, preventing transcription
- homeobox protein
- kind of helix-turn-helix protein
- Bloom Syndrome
- disease resulting in errors in homologus recombination
- ribonucleases
- remove RNA primers in new DNA strand
- cortisol
- binds a receptor, allowing it into the nucleus to bind GRE, recruiting additional proteins and modulating transcription (PEPCK)
- alpha-amantin
- toxin inhibiting Pol II; no antidote
- terminator
- DNA sequence telling Pol where to stop
- Rubinstein-Taybi
- disease (mental retardation) resulting from mutations of gene encoding CBP
- HDAC
- chromatin remodeling complex; removes acetyl groups from histones, inhibiting transcription
- chromatin remodeling complexes
- induce temporary changes to nucleosome structure using ATP hydrolysis
- TFIID
- binds TATA box and recruits general transcription factors
- tamoxifen
- medication that is a competitive inhibitor of estrogen receptor
- RNA polymerase
- does not require a primer; more error prone
- nonhomologus end joining
- results in loss of information
- cytarabine
- competes with deoxyribonucleotides for DNA polymerases, blocking replication and repair; used to treat luekemia
- methylating DNA
- found on silent regions, works with HDAC to prevent transcription
- doxorubicin
- antibiotic; intercalating agent affecting topoisomerase II
- DNA polymerase alpha
- makes RNA primer for DNA replication
- Pol II
- mRNA synthesis only
- PKU
- disease resulting partially from incorrect splicing of phenylalanie hydroxylase gene
- Pol I
- ribosomal RNA synthesis only
- exonuclease activity
- proofreading ability; edits 3' end of growing strand during synthesis (feature of DNA polymerase delta)
- CRSP
- binds SP-1 on GC rich area
- cyclophosphamide
- makes a mustard in liver, forming inter- and intra-strand DNA crosslinks, eventually triggers apoptosis; used in Hodgkins Lymphoma, lung, breast, testicular cancer
- zinc finger protein
- coordinated with histidine and cysteine residues
- nucleotide excision repair
- repairs damage resulting in large changes in DNA structure; lesion peeled off along with others, and then filled back in
- spliceosome
- catalyzes splicing of pre-mRNA to mature mRNA