Unit 1 ; Term 1
Terms
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- Electrolyete
- minerals that have a positive or electrical charge. Needed for body function. Examples, sodium, potassium, phosphates. Creates activities in our body.
- Nucleus
- is considered the cells - control center.
- Systems
- organs create systems
- physi/o
- nature, physical
- Cavity
- a hollow space.
- Cytoplasm
- - outside nucleus- organelles have specific functions- manufactures substances for use of export. 70% water. Food particles, minerals and other materials. Cannot be reproduced in labs.
- lateral
- sides
- Role of cells
- Cytology is the study of cells,Basic unit of all life,Have all characteristics of life,Can live independently of other cells.
- Parietal layer
- - portion of serous membrane attached to wall of cavity or sac.
- spinal cavity
- enclosing spinal cord
- cranial cavity
- contains brain
- pericardial cavity
- contains heart, located in thoracic cavity
- edocrine system
- production of hormones for regulation of growth, metabolism, and reproduction produces hormones, regulates growth, food utilization within cells and reproduction. thyroid, pituitary gland, adrenal glands.
- DNA
- in the choromsomes make up the genes...which is our hereditary factor. Every cell has this.
- Smooth muscle
- - visceral- involuntary- organs-
- nervous system
- reception of stimuli and control of responses. brain, spinal cord, nerves. organs of special senses with receptors for pain, touch and other senses, receive stimuli from outside world.
- Cells need
- food, oxygen, water and will pass in and out.
- Parietal pericardium
- - encloses heart.
- Surcrose
- is too big to go through cell water.
- Hypotonic
- - heavier mixture of something- fluid in - swells
- 4 Tissue classifications:
- Epithelial,Connective,Muscle,Nervous
- integumentary system
- skin and associated structures. Hairl, nails, sweat and oil glands.
- Hard
- - cartilage- shock absorber.
- Water
- single most important compound.
- Mitosis
- cell division-
- lymphatic system
- aids in circulation, immunity and absortion of digested fats. tonsils, thymus gland, spleen. assist in circulation by bringing fluids from tissues back to blood. aids in immunity
- Axons
- carries impulses Away from the cell body
- Dendrites
- carries impulses TO the cell body.
- Fascia
- - fiberous bands or sheets that support organs and hold them in place.
- Meiosis
- - sex cells- more specific
- Visceral layer
- - serous membrane attached to an organ.
- lymphatic and cardiovascular system together
- make up the circulatory system.
- Ribosomes
- Main function is to make protein.
- tomy
- cutting incision
- home/o
- same
- Centrisomes
- - divide into centrioles- move to opposite ends of nucleus.
- dis
- apart away from
- digestive system
- intake, breakdown, and absorption of nutrients mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver and pancreas
- RNA
- - PROTEIN SYTHESIS- makes it uses it.
- Tissues and aging:
- Tissues lose elasticity as they age, Skin, blood vessels, tendons and ligaments, bones, muscles.
- Liquid connective tissues
- - blood & lymph
- reproductive system
- production of offspring. includes sex organs and related internal structures
- Diffusion
- movement of a substance through a cell wall. From an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration. ( greater to lesser)
- inferior
- below or lower
- Cells are mainly composed of
- nitrogen, phosphorous, nitrogen, water
- Fiberous
- - tendons & ligaments- for strength
- diaphragm
- seperates subdivisions of ventral cavity. Located between thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity.
- Muscle tissue
- - contracts and produces movement.
- muscular system
- movement skeletal, cardiac, smooth. Muscles attached to bones. produce movement. give body structure, protect organs, maintain posture.
- Catabolism
- tearing down- Comples substances broken down into simpler compounds. breakdown of nutrients in food yields chemical building blocks and energy power to cell activities.
- Cell membrane
- - gateway- allows in and out semipermeable -regulates.
- dorsal and posterior
- refer to locations nearer the back.
- Mucous membranes:
- Vary in structure and function,Trap and remove foreign particles,Protect deeper tissue,Absorb food materials.
- Connective
- - supports and forms framework -all parts of body. Repairs easily. Supports our organs. Binds it all together.
- abdomino-pelivc cavity
- contains abdominal and pelvic cavities
- ventral or anterior
- front ; located toward the belly surface or front of body.
- Lysosome- lys
- - breakdown Garbage disposal- digest substances within the cell. Helps with microbes. Sacs of digestive enzymes. Scavengers.
- Anabolism
- building - simple compoinds used to manufacture materials needed fro growth, function and repair of tissues. BUILDING phase.
- transverse plane
- horziontal top and bottom section.
- ** Protoplasm
- all cells are made up of -which is living material of cell.
- Cilia
- - hair like projection. Creates movement around the cell.
- Cell wall will allow
- Glucose to get sugar in.
- respiratory system
- intake of oxygen and relase of carbon dioxide. lungs and passages leading to and from the lungs. purpose to take in air and conduct it to areas designed for gas exchange
- regions of abdomen
- right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hyochondriac.......right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar.........right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
- Anatomical position
- body standing erect with arms at side, and palms facing forward.
- Metabolism
- a total of all chemical reactions. all life sustaining reactions that go on within the body.
- Homeostasis
- balanced- a constant- our internal environment. means staying the same. state of balance within the body; maintenance of body conditions within set limits.
- Epithelial
- covers surface (epidermis), lines cavities, forms glands ( exocrine - endocrine-ductless), repairs itself quickly. Produces secretions, lines organs.
- ana
- upward, again , back
- Semipermeable
- selective, not permeable to all substances. Choosey cell wall.
- Serous
- - lines closed body cavities- does not connect with outside. Thoracic cavity, lungs,
- urninary system
- elimination of waste and water. kidneys, bladder, urethra, ureters
- sagittal plane
- right and left section each section called a midsagittal section.
- Amino acids
- breaking down of proteins.
- Muscles
- repair with difficulty- function movement & body heat, protects internal organs.
- pelvic cavity
- urinary bladder, rectum and internal parts of reproductive system.
- Organelles
- - little organs- specific functions within cell. Life process of cell.
- Filtration
- - colander- strainer- when pour liquid- force comes through strainer- filtration is a force. Heart beating, blow flows out goes into organ- like into the kidney- then it will either get rid of it or take it. Filters it. **Spreading of dissolved particles which is( passage of water), with the dissolved materials through a membrane. Goes with a force/pressure.
- Plane
- a flat surface formed by making a cut, real or imaginary through the body or part of it.
- FLAGELLUM
- - whip like projection; tail is for locomotion moves the cell. For locomotion. Sperm cell.
- intracellular fluid
- contained within the cells.
- caudal
- nearer to the sacral region of the spinal cord. coccyx.
- Osmosis
- - movement of fluid from lower to higher - semi permeable.
- Skeletal muscle
- - voluntary, striated.
- negative feedback
- actions are reversed.
- skeletal system
- support. basic framework of body. 206 bones and joints.
- proximal
- nearer the origin of a structure
- Extracellular
- outside the cell. 1/3 of our fluid is outside the cell. examples are blood, lymph and fluid between cells in tissues.
- Nerve tissue
- - neurons, they repair but they are slow to repair. Some do not repair.
- Chromatin granules
- - two chromosomes put together. Protein plus DNA. granules part of our master blueprint. Contains nucleoplasm
- Body as a whole has 3 main activities
- Reproduction( human beings, cells),Homeostatsis-being in balance,Ability to respond to stimuli
- Protoplasm
- essential constituant of living cells. Living building material of all organisms. Operator- moving everything around the cell.
- Interstitial
- between the cells. Spaces between the cells.
- Synovial membrane
- - found around joints. Thin connective tissue membrane that lines joint cavities.
- Diffusion
- - movement of molecules from high to low until you have equal concentration
- Membranes
- - thin sheet of tissue- simplest of tissue combination., Cover a surface,Serve as a divider - division, partition,Line a hollow organ or body cavity ,Anchor an organ- support ,Contain cells that secrete lubricants. Mucus membrane- traps
- Cell
- simplest structure
- DNA
- - has carries chromosomes- specific areas within DNA are chromosomes. It is what you are.
- medial
- midline of body dividing into left & right portions nearer midline
- Function of cells
- Cells are selective of the substance that they want to enter: semi-permiable membrane (choosey) osmosis- semipermiable lesser to greater. Receive, use and store nutrients, and eliminate as needed. Ex of waste: carbon dioxide, water, too much nutrients. Reproduction- to produce energy
- Endoplasmic Reticulum ( Rough & Smooth)
- An extensive network of tubules.
- Plasma Membrane
- - encloses everything within, participates in cellular activity by allowing things in and out. Import /export.
- cardiovascular system
- movement of blood for transport. heart and blood vessels. pumps blood, bringing nutrients, oxygen and carries waste away.
- Mitochondrion
- Bean shaped body, where we convert food into energy, power plant. Take our food and put them into energy.
- Rough ER
- - proteins
- Osmosis
- passage of fluid- through a semipermeable membrane. (lesser to greater concentration until equalized, balance achieved.
- Protein
- is very healing.
- Cardiac muscle
- - myocardium, involuntary muscle.
- Golgi apparatus
- Packages- Charbohydrate, and protein puts it into a globule and moves it through cell wall. A lot of it is blood sugar. Sorts and prepares compounds for transport to other cells.
- Genes
- carries messages that develop our characteristics.
- Cytoplasm
- cell protoplasm outside the nucleus.
- Smooth ER
- - lipids- fats.
- Synovial fluid
- Fluid reduces friction between the ends of a bone.
- Chromosomes
- - rod shaped 46 - deal with attributes of reproduction,and are hereditary. master blueprint RNA. It is an acid,
- nucleus
- carries the instructions from DNA throughout the body.
- distal
- farther from the point.
- Soft
- - adipose- fat- loose
- DNA
- acid- that carries genes and hereditary factors.
- Peristalsis
- - wavelike movement through stomach and GI track. It is muscular.
- cata
- down
- Tissues are
- a bunch of cells together to form a specific function, bathed in water. Tissues are salty.
- mediastinum
- space between the lungs, including the organs and vessels contained in that space.
- Anatomy
- study of structure of the body and relationship of the parts to each other.
- Physiology
- Study of the function of parts and organs of living organisms.
- Tissue
- group of like cells, they have similar function. Ex: nervous tissue, muscle tissue.
- Chromatin
- - material changes- in nucleus, granules, master blue print, protein & DNA changes & helps chromosomes. Splits into equal pairs- mirates to opposite ends of nucleus- move toward centriole. Cell division- nucleus pinches in middle and cells splits and replicates.
- Histology
- - study of tissues
- dorsal cavity
- cranical cavity , spinal cavity
- Nervous Tissue:
- Brain, nerves, spinal cord. Axons, dendrites.
- ventral cavity
- thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity.
- pleural cavity
- contains lungs; located in thoracic cavity
- Nucleus
- - controls cell activity and reproduction, Directs all cell activity.
- superior
- above
- frontal plane (coronal)
- Front and back section
- Mitosis
- - cell division- divide into 2 identical daughter cells. Dividing process.
- thoracic cavity
- contains heart, lungs, and large blood vessels.
- Organs
- Tissues will make organ and make a special function.
- hyper tonic
- - shrinks- dehydration. Solution is more concentrated than cellular fluid.
- Epithelial tissue
- Forms a protective cover for the body, Main tissue of outer layer of skin. Forms membranes, ducts and lining of body cavities and hollow organs.
- Function of nerve tissue
- - to conduct nerve impulses.
- System
- Chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, body
- Nucleoulus
- - globulous within nucleus, contains RNA, DNA & protein. Reproduction. Makes ribosomes
- stat
- stand, stoppage, constancy
- Centriole
- Pair rod shaped perpendicular to one another- located just outside nucleus. Very important in cell division.
- Isotonic
- - you- allows equal movement between cells. Tissue fluids and blood plasma are isotonic
- Cell
- simplest and smallest structural unit of living things. building blocks- cells build.
- Mucous
- - will open to outside , urethra, mouth, vagina
- cranial
- near to the head
- abdominal cavity
- contains stomach, most intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen