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Science Term test

Science Physics term test

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Define convection
Convection is a vertical movement of fluids caused by density differences.
What carries the blood to all parts of the body?
Blood vessels
State the law of relection
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
What does a fluid system do?
A fluid system makes use of a gas or liquid to perform work
What is a refracting telescope?
A refracting telescope is a telescope that uses lenses to bend the light to focus it .
How does a well system work?
Water is drawn from the well by a pump and feed the water into a pressure tank. As more water fills the tank, the little air in the tank is pressurized. When the appropriate amount of water is reached, the tank sends electrical signals to turn off the pump. The tank will transmit water under pressure around the entire system. So whenever you turn on a tap, water almost flows immidiatly out of the faucet.
What is a Valve?
A valve is a device used for controlling the flow of water through a pipe. When a valve is closed, water is unable to flow, and when a valve is open, the water can flow freely.
How are wavelengths and frequency related?
The higher the frequency, the smaller the wavelength.
Hydraulic systems can also multiply a force. Give an example where that is used.
hoise for a vehicle
What are 3 uses for ultraviolet waves?
Cleaning medical supplies police investigators use florescent powder to study fingerprints, and can be used to kill bacteria in food.
What are binoculars?
Binoculars are two refracting telescopes side by side. The telescopes in binoculars are shortened by placing prisms inside that serve as plane mirrors. Rather than traveling down the long telescope tube, the the prisms reflect the light in binoculars back and forth inside a shorter tube.
What is refraction?
Refraction is bending or changing direction of a wave as it passes from one material to another.
Once the light rays are focused on the retina, the cells that absorb light begin their job. These cells are called____--
rod and cone cells.
Define Viscosity
Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow. It depends on how thick the fluid is. The thicker, the greater viscosity which makes the flow slower..
What is another term for heat radiation?
infrared waves.
What happens to light when it goes from water to air?
It bends away from the normal because air is less dense than water.
What can result in overexposure to ultraviolet rays?
sunburn and damage to the surface of the eye.
What keeps the blood flowing?
The Constant beat of the Heart
What is the rule of pressure?
The greater the depth of the fluid, the greater the pressure
What is Dynamic Pressure?
Dynamic Pressure is the sideways pressure exerted by a fluid in motion. As the speed of a fluid increases, the dynamic pressure decreases. (EX. airplane wing)
What is the image formed when you look through a concave lens?
The image is always smaller and upright.
What kind of lenses does a compound light microscope use? How many? What does it do?
A compound light microscope uses two convex lenses with relativly short focal lengths to magnify small close objects.
What kind of image is formed when you look through a convex lens and you're between one and two focal lengths away?
The image is larger and inverted.
What is the relation beetween the size of the shadow and the distance of the object from the light source?
The closer the object to the light source, the larger the shadow.
What are rod cells?
Rod cells can absorb almost any color of light. But they absorb green light particularly well. Even though rod cells can detect color, our brain does not use the signals from the rod cells to determine colour, just shade of light and dark.
What are three ways to measure wavelength?
The wavelength can be measured from crest to crest or trough to trough. you can also think of it as the distance covered by one complete crest plus one complete trough.
What does a fluid have when it is in motion?
Dynamic Pressure
WHat is happening when you inhale?
When you inhale, the increased space (due to rib expansion and diaphragm lowering) reduces the air pressure inside your lungs so the higher pressure outside pushes in.
Where is light found on the electromagnetic spectrum?
Between Infrared waves and ultraviolet waves.
What kind of image is formed when you look through a convex lens and you're at the focal point?
The image is non existant
Define blindness.
Blindness can be any vision impairment that keeps people from doing important life activities such as riding a bike, reading, or recognizing their friends through sight. Most people who are legally blind can perceive some light or have limited vision.
Why are there different colors in a rainbow?
they have different frequencies. red being the highest and violet being the lowest.
What is Hydraulic Multiplication?
In Hydraulic Multiplication, an incompressible liquid increases and transmits a force from one point to another. Pushing on a small piston of a hydraulic system can result a force 10 times greater than the larger piston. So pushing on a smaller piston can result in a force 10 times greater than the larger piston.
What is the difference between the cest and the trough?
The crest is the highest point in a wave and the trough is the lowest.
How many times does light refract when it passes through a lens?
Twice, once at the surface and another at the other end.
Define the "normal"
The normal is an imaginary line that is perpendicular to the boundary between two materials and intersects the point at which the incidence rays reaches the boundary.
What is the difference between opaque, translucent, or transparent materials?
Translucent materials let some light through but scatters it in different directions. Transparent materials allow light to pass freely. And Opaque materials dont let any light through.
What is similar about the objective lenses in microscopes and telescopes?
They collect light and focusses it into an image. This image is formed inside the microscope or telescope and is never seen directly. Instead, the image is enlarged by the eyepiece and directed into the eye of the operator.
What is static pressure? Give an example of static pressure.
When pressure is applied at one point in a fluid in an enclosed system, that pressure is transmitted equally throughout the entire system. This is called static pressure. Just like when you squeeze one part of the balloon and all the air goes to the other. EX. Car brake system.
What are two uses of radar waves?
Radar can be used for tracking vehicles and weather forecasting.
Why does an empty space not heat up in the microwave oven?
Microwave ovens make the water particles in food absorb microwaves resulting in quick vibration among the water particles. This causes the food to heat up. An empty spot in the microwave oven does not contain water particles.
What does the respiratory system do?
The respiratory system brings air into the body and removes carbon dioxide.
What kinf of image is formed when you're less than one focal length away from a convex lens?
Larger and upright
What are three uses for X-rays?
Inspecting aircraft for cracks and damage, Doctors and dentists use x-rays to form images of internal organ, bones, and teeth, and taking photos of the insides of machines without taking it apart.
What is the cornea?
The cornea is a transparent tissue that hold the eye together. It refracts incoming light rays so that they converge toward the retina.
What property of a wave is measured in hertz?
Frequency.
What happens when you apply pressure to a continuous liquid that is enclosed in a tube or pipe?
The force is transmitted along the liquid. In other words, you can apply a force to water in one place and it will perform a task at the other end.
What tyoe of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?
Radio waves.
What is the sclera?
The sclera is an opaque tissue surrounding the cornea. We see this as the white region around the iris.
How do you know if an object will sink or rise?
If the object has a greater average downward force compared to the buoyant force, the object will sink . If it is less, it will float.
How does a reflecting telescope work?
Light from a distant object strikes the concave mirror at the opposite end. The light reflects off this mirror and converges. before it converges to its focal point, the light strikes a place mirror placed at an angle within the telescope tube. The light is reflected from the plane mirror toward the telescope's eyepiece. The eyepiece then magnifies the image.
If you lived in a rural area, where would you most likely get your water from?
A well
A reflecting telescope uses 2 mirrors and one lens. What kind?
A reflecting telescope uses a concave mirror, a plane mirror and a convex lens to collect the light.
Define Adhesion
Adhesion is the attraction between particles of a fluid and another substance so that the fluid clings to it. Ex. Water droplets stick to the edge of a container
In a compound light microscope, what kind of lens is the objective lens? Why?
The objective lens is a convex lens. Recall that if the distance from one object is between one and two focal lengths the image formed is enlarged.
What happens when the speed of the fluid increases?
The pressure applied vertical to the motion decreases. For example, air travels quicker over the top of an airplane wing creating a low above the wing. The greater pressure beneath the wing is what pushes the plane upwards.
What are the colors of the rainbow?
ROY G BIV
Give an example where hydraulic multiplication is used in our daily lives.
It is used o hoist vehicles in repair shops. A small electric motor is all that is needed to push a small piston that lifts a car.
What are two important parts of a Hydraulic System? What do they do?
The Pump and Valve. The pump puts the liquid under pressure.(EX. to raise it up). The valve controls the passage of the liquid through a pipe.
Define Cohesion
Cohesion is the property of fluids that makes the particles hold together because they are attracted ti each other. Ex. water forming drops.
When you shine a light on a prism, what is happening to the light?
While the light is traveling through the prism, the white light is split into a spectrum.
What is the air pressure at sea level?
1 atm = 101.3 kPa
What is at the center of the circulatory system?
The Heart
Why are most large telescope reflecting telescopes?
Due to the problem with making large lenses for refracting telescopes.
What does the lens in our eye do?
The lens has the ability to fine tune our focus by automatically changing it's shape. When certain muscles in the eye contract, there is less tension on the lens , allowing the lens to become thicker. A thicker lens can focus o near objects. When you look at distant objects, the same muscle relaxes which makes the lens thinner.
When do light rays begin to be focused?
as soon as they pass through the cornea.
What does the optic nerve do?
It converts light rays into electrical signals and send them to the brain.
Do light rays rays diverge of converge when traveling through a concave lens?
Diverge
What is behind the pupil?
Behind the pupil there is a flexible convex lens. The light that is passing through the lens are focused on a screen at the back of the eye called the retina. This is where an image is formed. Other cells in the retina convert the light rays into electrical signals that are sent to the brain called the optic nerve.
What happens to light as it travels from air to water?
When light travels from air to water, the light rays slow down and bend toward the normal. This is because water is denser than air.
Is the image formed on the retina upright or upside down?
Upside down
What are cone cells?
Cone cells allow us to detect color. We have 3 different kinds of cone cells, each possessing a slightly different kind of pigment. Recall that by only using red green and blue you can see all the colours of the rainbow. Our brains can combine and balance the different colour signals that it receives. That is why a white page of a book can appear white to us under varying amounts of daylight.
What is the flow rate?
The flow rate is the speed at which a liquid flows. Ex. Syrup has a slower flow rate than water.
What can gamma rays be used for?
Killing cancer cells
Since gas can be compressed, what do pneumatic systems use?
Compressors
What is the difference between the objective lens in a telescope and a microscope?
The objective lens in a telescope has a longer focal length.
How does buoyancy work?
Objects rise or float because the fluid pushes up on them with a force, this is called the buoyant force.
What system distributes blood around the body?
The Circulatory System
what are pneumatic systems?
Pneumatic systems are systems that use pressure in gases to do work.
What happens to air when it turns warm? what happens to it when it turns cold? What is this called?
When air warms up, it expands and becomes less dense and it will rise. When air turns cooler, it becomes denser and sinks. This is called convection.
What is a pupil?
The pupil is an opening that appears dark because light passes through it without reflecting back.
Define Blood Pressure
When your heart pumps through your circulatory system, the pressure if the push moves through the blood. The pressure pushes the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. This is called blood pressure.
What is an iris?What does it do?
The iris is the colored circle of muscle surrounding the pupil. The iris controls the amount of light that enter the eye. In dim light, the iris dilates, or expands,the pupil to allow more light in the eye. In bright light, the iris contracts the pupil to reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
What is an astigmatism?
An astigmatism is when the shape of the cornea causes the image to focus on more than one point of the retina.
What are 3 wavelengths sorter than visible light?
Ultraviolet, xrays, and gamma rays.
Where do you get your water from if you live in a more urban area?
The water goes through a treatment plant, making it safe and clean to drink, then they go to large pumps that give it enough pressure to distribute to even the farthest branches of the system.
What is the amplitude?
The amplitude is the height of a wave crest or trough measured from its rest position.
What kind of image is formed when you look through a convex lens when you're more than two focal lengths away?
The image is smaller and inverted
What is Hydraulics?
The study of pressure in liquids
What does most of the focusing?
The lens
What are hydraulic systems?
Hydraulic systems are systems that use pressure in liquids to do work. Since liquids will not normally compress, apply a force to a liquid transmits the force along the liquid.
Whathappens when you exhale?
When you exhale, the diaphragm and ribs compress the air in your lungs and so it is pushed out of the body.
What happens when a gas or liquid is heated? What happens to the liquid?
When heated, the particles in a substance move further apart. For gasses, this increases the viscosity. For liquids this decreases the viscosity.
What is dynamic Pressure?
An energy that can be used to perform tasks directly or indirectly
What are some problems with refracting telescopes?
In order to form a detailed image of distant objects, the objective lends must me as large as possible. The large lens is heavy and can be supported by the telescope tube only around the edge. The lens can sag or flex due to its own weight, distorting the image it forms. Also, heavy glass lenses are costly and difficult to make.
What is the retina?
The retina is a screen at the back of the eye where the light that passes through it focused on.
What is surface tension?
surface tension is the effect that the particles at the surface attract each other and form a "skin". Ex. objects that normally sink can be made to float in the surface.
What kind of lens does the eyepiece lens use? Why?
The eyepiece lens, which is another convex lens, then magnifies the image again (after the image has been magnified through the objective lens) making the image even larger.
Define Buoyancy
Buoyancy is the tendancy for objects to rise or float in a fluid.

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