FA Biochem
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- Inhibit electron transport
- rotenone, cyanide, antimycin A, CO
- Replenishes TCA or can be used in gluconeogenesis
- oxaloacetate
- Recognize and remove bases in excision repair
- glycosylases
- Adds O-oligosaccharides to serine and threonine
- golgi
- Cofactor for proprionyl coA -> methylmalonyl coA
- biotin
- B vitamin deficiency where you see abnormal myelin
- B12
- Cofactor for acetyl coA -> malonyl coA
- biotin
- Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
- B5 deficiency
- Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia
- pellagra
- What is a collagen fibril
- crosslinked tropocollagen
- Carries aldehydes
- TPP
- Makes tRNA
- RNA pol III
- Uses NADPH to reduce glutathione
- glutathione reductase
- Backup of these two things results in lactic acidosis (from pyruvate dhase deficiency)
- pyruvate and alanine
- Scrutinizes amino acid after it is bound to tRNA. Defect leads to insertion of wrong amino acid.
- Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
- Cystic fibrosis, sprue, mineral oil intake
- fat soluble vitamin deficiencies
- Malignant carcinoid can lead to a deficiency of what vitamin
- B3
- Assembles proteoglycans
- golgi
- These tissues participate in gluconeogenesis
- liver, kidney, intestinal epithelium
- Used for energy to "charge" tRNA
- ATP
- Direction of DNA pol III exonuclease activity
- 3-5
- What is the function of lysyl oxidase
- crosslink tropocollagen at lysine-hydroxylysine to make collagen fibrils
- The folic acid precursor in bacteria
- PABA
- What drug can cause B3 deficiency
- INH
- Deficient in fructose intolerance
- aldolase B
- Cofactor for homocysteine methylation
- B12
- How much ATP is used by HMP shunt
- none
- Major component of bile
- phosphatidylcholine
- Cofactor for transketolase in HMP shunt
- B1
- Uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue
- type III collagen
- Sulfates sugars and tyrosines on proteins
- golgi
- Used for catabolic processes to carry reducing equivalents away
- NAD+
- Worst type of Ehlers-Danlos
- type III
- Needed for regeneration of SAM
- B12
- Cofactor for transamination, decarboxylation, heme synthesis
- B6
- Inhibit mitochondrial ATPase, increase the proton gradient
- oligomycin
- Where does fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase work
- cytosol
- Cofactor needed for breakdown of odd-chain FA
- biotin
- Important for synth of nitrogenous bases
- folic acid
- Help assemble ribosomal subunits
- initiation factors
- Cofactor for oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids
- B1
- Converts H2O2 to HOCl
- myeloperoxidase
- Where does vitamin C-dependent hydroxylation of proline and lysine take place
- ER
- Trafficking protein for trans-golgi -> lysosome, and plasma membrane -> endosomes
- clathrin
- Major component of myelin
- phosphatidylcholine
- Ergocalciferol
- D2 (from milk)
- Converts O2 to O2 radical
- NADPH oxidase
- B vitamin that is a cofactor for acyl transfers
- B5
- Activates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (3)
- increased NAD+, increased ADP, increased calcium
- Which end bears the triphosphate, 3 or 5
- 5
- Converts PEP to pyruvate
- pyruvate kinase
- Trade a purine for a purine
- transition
- Malate shuttle
- 38 ATP
- Opens DNA at promoter site
- RNA pol II
- Cheilosis, corneal vascularization
- B2 deficiency
- Where is insoluble tropocollagen formed
- outside fibroblasts
- What is a triple helix of three collagen alpha chains
- procollagen
- Convulsions, irritable, peripheral neuropathy
- B6 deficiency
- High affinity, low capacity, feedback inhibition
- hexokinase
- Trafficking protein for anterograde RER -> cis-golgi
- COP II
- Converts oxaloacetate to PEP in the cytosol
- PEP carboxykinase
- Site of RNA processing
- nucleus
- Converts NADP+ to NADPH
- G6PD
- Deficiency of this vitamin may predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
- zinc
- Divide rapidly with a short G1
- labile cells
- How is G6PD deficiency inherited
- autosomal recessive
- Deficient in essential fructosuria
- fructokinase
- Result of diverting pyruvate to lactate, and OAA to malate in the liver
- inhibition of gluconeogenesis -> alcoholic hypoglycemia
- Converts H2O2 to H2O
- catalase/glutathione peroxidase
- What cofactor is needed for gluconeogenesis
- biotin
- Cofactor for pyruvate -> oxaloacetate
- biotin
- Energy for RBCs, leukocytes, kidney medulla, lens, testes, cornea
- anaerobic glycolysis
- Low affinity, high capacity, no feedback inhibition
- glucokinase
- Modifies N-oligosaccharides on asparigine
- golgi
- Converts O2 radical to H2O2
- superoxide dismutase
- Converts pyruvate to acetyl coA
- pyruvate dehydrogenase
- Vimentin stain
- connective tissue
- Treatment of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency (possibly alcoholics with B1 deficiency)
- increased fat intake, lysine, leucine
- Optic neuropathy, subacute combined degeneration, paresthesias, glossitis
- B12 deficiency
- Decrease permeability of membrane, decrease proton gradient, decrease O2 consumption
- uncoupling agents
- Where does glucose-6-phosphatase work
- ER
- Makes mRNA
- RNA pol II
- Combines with snRNPs to form the spliceosome
- primary transcript
- Causes fatty liver in alcoholics
- altered NADH/NAD ratio, shunting away from glycolysis and toward FA synthesis
- Transfers lactate to the liver from RBCs
- cori cycle
- Hemoglobin precipitated in RBCs
- Heinz bodies
- How many amino acids does the ribosome move to make an amino acid move from A to P site
- 3
- Protein needed for receptor mediated endocytosis
- clathrin
- Major component of RBC membranes
- phosphatidylcholine
- Loss of appetite and stupor due to a vitamin OD
- vitamin D
- Needed to make ribose-5-P, G3P, F6P
- transketolases (require B1)
- Shortest phase of the cell cycle
- mitosis
- Antioxidant vitamin
- vitamin E
- Stimulates pyruvate kinase
- F16BP
- Site of addition of man-6-p to lysosomal enzymes
- golgi
- UCP, 24-DNP, aspirin
- uncoupling agents
- Alpha keto acids
- pyruvate, a-ketoglutarate
- Carries 1-carbon units
- THF
- Carries amino groups from liver to muscle
- alanine
- How many ATP per acetyl coA that enters the TCA cycle
- 12
- ATP + methionine
- SAM
- Catalyzes gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid
- vitamin K
- B vitamin needed for TCA cycle
- B1
- Makes rRNA
- RNA pol I
- Synthesize enzymes and peptide neurotransmitters
- RER nissl bodies
- Used in anabolic processes, respiratory burst, P-450
- NADPH
- What vitamin is needed to derive B3 from tryptophan
- B6
- Complexes with a fibrillin scaffolding
- tropoelastin
- Trafficking protein for retrograde golgi -> ER
- COP I
- Deficient in von gierke's
- glucose-6-phosphatase
- Deficient in mild galactosemia
- galactokinase
- Deficient in severe galactosemia
- gal-1-P uridyltransferase
- INH and OCP interfere with
- B6
- Energy used for translocation of the ribosome
- GTP
- Direction of DNA pol I exonuclease activity
- 5-3
- Facilitates iron absorption by keeping it in the reduced state
- biotin
- Site of O-linkage
- serine and threonine residues
- Desmin stain
- muscle
- Two amino acids abundant in elastin
- nonhydroxylated proline and lysine
- Used for anabolic processes to supply reducing equivalents
- NADPH
- Used in the esterification of cholesterol
- phosphatidylcholine (LCAT)
- Cofactor for one carbon transfer in methylations
- folic acid
- Storage of B12
- liver
- Which end of tRNA does amino acid attach to
- 3
- Polyneuritis and muscle wasting
- dry beriberi
- Limiting reagent in ethanol metabolism
- NAD
- Needed as a cofactor for dopamine -> NE
- vitamin C
- Inhibits pyruvate kinase
- alanine, ATP
- B vitamin that is a component of fatty acid synthase
- B5
- Neurofilament stain
- neurons
- G3P shuttle
- 36 ATP
- Is there proofreading for RNA
- no
- Trade a purine for a pyrimidine
- transversion
- Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase
- acetyl coA, ATP, NADH
- Inhibits RNA polymerase II
- a-amanitin
- Microtubule polymerization defect leading to problems with phagocytosis
- chediak-higashi syndrome
- GFAP
- neuroglia
- Name of primary transcript before the cap and the tail
- hnRNA
- Where is procollagen formed
- golgi, by glycosylation
- Inhibits PFK-1
- citrate, ATP
- Findings in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
- neurologic defects
- What codon does amino acid attach to on tRNA
- CCA
- Converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate in mitochondria
- pyruvate carboxylase