Medical Terminology: Chapter 4
The Skeletal System
Terms
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- Aceabular
- The cup-shaped socket of the hipbone into which the thighbone fits
- Achondorplasia
- A defect in the formation of cartilage at the epiphyses of long bones
- Acroarthritis
- Inflammation of the joints of the hands and feet
- Acromion
- The projection of the spine of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle
- Ankylosis
- A condition of stiffening of a joint
- Arthralgia
- Pain in a joint
- Arthritis
- Inflammation of a joint
- Arthrocentesis
- Surgical puncture of a joint for removal of fluid
- Arthroplasty
- Surgical repair of a joint
- Arthroscope
- An instrument used to examine the interior of a joint
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- The surgical process of transferring bone marrow from a donor to a patient
- Bursa
- A small space between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial membrane and contains a fluid, synovia
- Bursitis
- Inflammation of a bursa
- Calcaneal
- Pertaining to the heel bone
- Calcium
- A mineral that is essential for bone growth, teeth development, blood coagulation, and many other functions
- Carpal
- Pertaining to the wristbone
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- A condition caused by compression of the median nerve by the carpal ligament; symptoms: soreness, tenderness, weakness, pain, tingling, and numbness at the wrist
- Cartilage
- A specialized type of fibrous connective tissue present in adults, which forms the major portion of the embryonic skeleton
- Cast
- A type of material, made of plaster of paris, sodium silicate, starch, or dextrin used to immobilize a fractured bone, a dislocation, or a sprain
- Chondral
- Pertaining to cartilage
- Chondrocostal
- Pertaining to the rib cartilage
- Clavicular
- Pertaining to the clavicle
- Coccygeal
- Pertaining to the coccyx
- Coccygodynia
- Pain in the coccyx
- Collagen
- A fibrous insoluble protein found in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments, and cartilage
- Connective
- That which connects or binds together
- Costal
- Pertaining to the rib
- Craniectomy
- Surgical excision of a portion of the skull
- Craniotomy
- Incision into the skull
- Dactylic
- Pertaining to the finger or toe
- Dactylogram
- A fingerprint
- Dislocation
- The displacement of a bone from a joint
- Femoral
- Pertaining to the femur; the thighbone
- Fibular
- Pertaining to the fibula
- Fixation
- The process of holding or fastening in a fixed position; making rigid, immobilizing
- Flatfoot
- An abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot; also known as pes planus
- Genu Valgum
- Knock-knee
- Genu Varum
- Bowleg
- Gout
- A hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis; usually begins in the knee or foot but can affect any joint
- Hallux
- The big or great toe
- Hammertoe
- An acquired flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint
- Humeral
- Pertaining to the humerus
- Hydrarthrosis
- Condition of fluid in a joint
- Iliac
- Pertaining to the ilium
- Iliosacral
- Pertaining to the ilium and the sacrum
- Intercostal
- Pertaining to between the ribs
- Ischial
- Pertaining to the ischium, hip
- Ischialgia
- Pain in the ischium, hip
- Kyphosis
- Humpback
- Laminectomy
- Surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch
- Ligament
- A band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bones, cartilages, and other structures; also serves as a place for the attachment of fascia or muscle
- Lordosis
- Abnormal anterior curvature of the spine
- Lumbar
- Pertaining to the loins
- Lumbodynia
- Pain in the loins
- Mandibular
- Pertaining to the lower jawbone
- Maxillary
- Pertaining to the upper jawbone
- Meniscus
- Crescent-shaped interarticular fibrocartilage found in certain joints, especially the lateral and medial menisci (semilunar cartilages) of the knee joint
- Metacarpal
- Pertaining to the bones of the hand
- Metacarpectomy
- Surgical excision of one or more bones of the hand
- Myelitis
- Inflammation of the bone marrow
- Myeloma
- A tumor of the bone marrow
- Myelopiesis
- The formation of bone marrow
- Olecranal
- Pertaining to the elbow
- Osteoarthritis
- Inflammation of the bone and joint
- Osteoblast
- A bone-forming cell
- Osteocarcinoma
- A cancerous tumor of a bone; new growth of epithelial tissue
- Osteochondritis
- Inflammation of the bone and cartilage
- Osteogenesis
- The formation of bone
- Osteomalacia
- Softening of the bones
- Osteomyelitis
- Inflammation of the bone marrow
- Osteopenia
- A lack of bone tissue
- Osteoporosis
- A condition that results in reduction of bone mass
- Osteosarcoma
- A malignant tumor of the bone; cancer arising from connective tissue
- Osteotome
- An instrument used for cutting bone
- Patellar
- Pertaining to the patella
- Pedal
- Pertaining to the foot
- Periosteoedema
- Swelling around a bone
- Phalangeal
- Pertaining to the bones of the fingers and the toes
- Phosphorus
- A mineral that is essential in bone formation, muscle contraction, and many other functions
- Polyarthritis
- Inflammation of more than one joint
- Rachigraph
- An instrument used to measure the curvature of the spine
- Radial
- Pertaining to the radius
- Radiograph
- An x-ray photograph of a body part
- Reduction
- The manipulative or surgical procedure used to correct a fracture or hernia
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- A chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities
- Rickets
- A deficiency condition in children primarily caused by a lack of vitamin D; may also result from inadequate intake or excessive loss of calcium
- Scapular
- Pertaining to the shoulder blade
- Scoliosis
- A condition of lateral curvature of the spine
- Spinal
- Pertaining to the spine
- Splint
- An appliance used for fixation, support, and rest of an injured body part
- Spondylitis
- Infammation of one or more vertebrae
- Sprain
- Twisting of a joint that causes pain and disabilty
- Spur
- A sharp or pointed projection, as on a bone
- Sternal
- Pertaining to the sternum
- Sternotomy
- Surgical incision of the sternum
- Subclavicular
- Pertaining to beneath the clavicle
- Subcostal
- Pertaining to beneath the ribs
- Submaxilla
- The lower jaw or mandible
- Symphysis
- A growing together
- Tennis Elbow
- A chronic condition charcterized by pain caused by excessive pronation and supination activities of the forearm; usually caused by strain, as in playing tennis
- Tenoitis
- Inflammation of a tendon
- Tibial
- Pertaining to the tibia
- Traction
- The process of drawing or pulling on bones or muscles to relieve displacement and facilitate healing
- Ulnar
- Pertaining to the elbow
- Ulnocarpal
- Pertaining to the ulna side of the wrist
- Vertebral
- Pertaining to a vertebra
- Vertebrosternal
- Pertaining to a vertebra and the sternum
- Xiphoid
- Resembling a sword