Digestive and Excretory Systems test monday
so far:
Food and Nutrition
The Process of Digestion
The Excretory System
Food and Nutrition
The Process of Digestion
The Excretory System
Terms
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- reabsorption
- process in which liquid is taken back into a vessel
- filtration
- process by which a liquid or gas passes through a filter to remove wastes
- villus
- folded projection that increases the surface area of the walls of the small intestine
- ureter
- tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
- amylase
- enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches
- vitamin
- organic molecule that helps regulate body processes
- Bowman's capsule
- cup-shaped structure in the upper end of a nephron that encases the glomerulus
- large intestine
- colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it
- protein
- macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
- Lungs
- *Excrete carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor ** Both of these are products of cellular respiration**Materials diffuse from blood alveoli and expel to environment
- urinary bladder
- saclike organ in which urine is stored before being excreted
- glomerulus
- small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of a nephron; where the filtration of blood takes place
- liver
- large organ just above the stomach that produces bile, a fluid loaded with lipids and salts
- Liver
- *Recycles worn out red blood cells*Deamination - breakdown of Amino acids*Produces urea from the breakdown of Amino acids** Proteins -> Excess amino acids -> broken down in the **Ammonia is very poisonous and is changed to urea, which can be filtered by the kidneys**Removes harmful substances such as bacteria, hormones or alcohol. Over leading of alcohol can lead to cirrhosis.
- small intestine
- digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place
- pancreas
- gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid
- Calorie
- term used by scientists to measure the energy stored in foods; 1000 calories
- kidney
- organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood and passes them to the ureter
- esophagus
- food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
- loop of Henle
- section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine
- stomach
- large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food
- mineral
- inorganic nutrient the body needs, usually in small amounts
- nephron
- blood-filtering unit in the renal cortex of the kidney
- peristalsis
- rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach
- chyme
- mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles
- skin
- Removes water, salts, urea from blood, *Perspiration *Evaporation removes heat via. sweat glands
- urethra
- tube that carries urine from the bladder and releases it from the body; in males, tube through which semen is released from the body
- fat
- lipid; made up of fatty acids and glycerol; protects body organs, insulates body, and stores energy in the body
- carbohydrate
- compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
- Excretion
- The life process by which human beings remove metabolic waste products from cells and release them into the environment