Religion and State
Terms
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- Quran
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-Muslim holy book
-Jesus was a spirit of God and a messenger
-Muslims don't worship Muhammad because he is not a God, only a prophet
-five pilars of Islam - The Five Pilars
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-1)the belief in one God
-2)prayer 5 times a day
-3)concern for the poor and needy
-4)fasting during thr month of Ramadan
-5)Make the pilgrimage to Mecca once in your life - Caliph
- -leader of an Islamic state
- Ulema
- a group of specialists who explain and inteprit Muslim Law
- Muftis
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-officials in the gov't
-job is to make sure laws of gov't don't violate Islamic teachings - Ayatollahs
- -term used for Religious leaders on Iran, Iraq, and Yemen
- Iranians
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-not Arab but Muslim
-descendants of Persians
-speak Farsi
-extremely proud of their History from the Persian Empire - Ahl al-dhimma
- - Non-muslims living in an Islamic state
- Israelis
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-most live in Israel
-most are Jewish
-very supportive of eachother because of their history
-religion,their struggle to keep their religion, and their identity inspired persecution has bounded them together
-today it is the Hebrew Language , religious heritage, and devotion to their country
-was founded in 1948 for a homeland for Jews
-Native born Israels are Sabres - Millets
- - Non-Muslim communities during Ottoman Rule
- Palestinians
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-Arabs who don't want a Jweish state on their own lands
-many have become refugess throughout the conflicts
-Goal is to create a fully independent Palestine - Waqt
- funds used for Charities in non-Muslim commmunites
- Armenians
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-Are an ethnic group
-many live in Armenia today, used to live in Ottoman Empire - Kurds
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-fourth longest ethnic group in Middle East
-over 20 million
-lives on the border on Turkey and Iraq (called Kurkistan)
-are not recognized as an independent state - The main religions out of the Middle East
- Judaism,Christianity,Islam
- Judaism
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-based on the first book of the Bible
-tells the story of the Hebrews
-they obey nobody but God - Turks
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-descendents from the HiHites + Greeks
-Muslim not Arab
-History is in Muslim Empire
-speak Turkish
-culture today is a blend of cultures - Christianity
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-based on the life and teachings of Jesus
-Jesus,born a Jew, thought of as a messiah to the Christians, but not to the Jews - Islam
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-preached by an Arab named Muhammad, raised in Mecca
-holy book is the Quran
-believe in a power known as Allah - Similarities of Judaism,Christianity, and Islam
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-all started in the Middle East
-all are monotheistic
-all have a sacred book
-Muhammad has an important role - Beginnings of Islam
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-Muhammad started Islam
-Muhammad was a merchant and well respected person
-Mecca is important to Islam because its where Muhammad saw the Angel Gabriel
-Islam mostly spread in Medina - Turning point for Islam
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-when Muhammad left Mecca and went to Medina
-there he gained the most support
-after forming an army he went back to
Mecca and destroyed other Holy Symbols - Divine Relevation
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-process began with Adam and ended w/ Muhammad
-the ideas are similar amongst the three religions
-According to the Quran, relevations were given to Jesus,Muhammad,David,Adam, and Abraham - ARABS
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-those that live within the Arabian Peninsula
-united by their language
-3 things that bring them together
1)belief in Islam
2)Arabic Language
3)Arabic culture
-live in Middle East and Africa - The view of Christians and Jews
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-Muhammad held Jews amd Christians to high regard
-"People of the book", because of old testament