Theatre Final
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- What years did Romanticism take place within?
- 1800-1850
- What was the Romantic\'s Verisimilitude?
- -\"Common Man\" fighting against unnatural restrictions of society -Reject Rules -Age of Revolution
- What was decorum replaced by in the Romantic era?
- Nature- artistic instincts celebrated, focus on nature, preposterous plots
- What were unities replaced by in the Romantic era?
- Variety- Subplots, Changes in time and place, Spectacular special effects
- What was reason replaced with in the Romantic Era?
- Emotions- Musical scores
- What was theatres response to the Romantic era?
- Melodrama
- Melodrama
- Dramatic genre that reflected romantic truths (Variety, Nature, Emotion)
- What are the verisimilitude\'s in drama?
- 1. Variety- subplots, changes in place & time, spectacular special effects 2. Nature- artistic instincts celebrated, anything goes plots 3. Emotion- musical scores 4. Common Man is Hero- Good vs. Evil, Good always wins, sentimental stereotyped character
- What are Melodrama\'s Contributions to theatre?
- 1. Theatre is popular again 2. Introduced Realism to sets 3. Audiences develop taste for spectacle
- What were Melodrama sets like?
- -Realism *Unique and representational
- What type of audiences attended Melodramas?
- Middle Class
- From what time frame did Modernism take place?
- 1850-Present
- Modernism\'s Verisimilitude
- Faith in SCIENCE to solve problems -A social and intellectual movement
- Charles Darwin
- -Believed in survival through adaptations -Believed there are influences on our behavior
- What did Charles Darwin believe influenced our behavior?
- 1. Heredity (Nature) 2. Environment (Nurture) -Believed if influences changed, behavior changed
- What did Sigmund Freud about our motivation?
- -That we are subconsciously motivated -Driven by basic appetites (Socialization) -Believe morality was cultural
- How did Modernism affect theatre?
- Cause split between mass culture theatre and serious drama
- Mass Culture Theatre
- -Commercial -Popular -Meant for entertainment
- Serious Drama
- Non-commercial plays written to directly reflect social problems
- Realism (1870\'s)
- Style of theatre attempting to recreate everyday life/behavior
- What is the difference between a Melodrama and Serious Drama?
- Melodrama is exaggerated and reflects romantic truths, Serious drama attempts to embrace science and recreate everyday life
- Box Set
- 3 walls and a ceiling, audience is looking through the \"4th Wall\"
- What were the subjects of Realism plays?
- Societies problems called \"problem plays\"
- Audiences response to serious drama
- First hostility and then accepted
- 19th Century changes in directing
- 1. Scenic Unity- acting, design, and dialogue will all conform to a single point of view 2. Director is responsible for interpreting play
- Master Artwork
- Director should supervise all visual details "unify look and production elements" (Wagner)
- Continental Seating
- -Fan Shaped -Darkened Auditorium -Less Segregated (Wagner)
- Wagner\'s Contribution\'s to theatre
- 1. 1st to envision director as central artist 2. STARTED process towards scenic unity
- Duke Saxe-Meninigen\'s Contribution\'s to directing
- 1.Brought Scenic Unity (Acting, design, dialogue) 2. Made director have control over ALL aspects of production
- Max Reinhart Contribution to theatre
- 1. Director responsible for visual motif 2. Director responsible for interpretation of the play and saying it 3.Scenic unity isn't directors only concern 4.Believed that no one style should rule in the theatre
- Modern Acting
- Representational Acting
- Stanislavski\'s contribution to modern acting
- Introduced representational acting (brought realism to acting) -Focus on character, not actor, psychological prep. involved
- Henrik Ibsen
- -Realistic Playwright -1st to attack society\'s problems in plays
- Doll House dramatic Action statement:
- \"Nora is trying to save her family\"
- Doll House Climax
- -Instant Nora decides she does not want to save her marriage and claims independence from her family
- Inciting Incident Doll\'s House
- Krogstad\'s job is put in jeopardy, blackmails Nora
- What are the social issues/theme of A Doll\'s House?
- -Male\'s oppression of females -Not discussing \"vulgar\" things such as Dr.Rank\'s Syphilis openly
- When is heredity used as an explanation for characters actions and circumstances in Doll\'s House?
- -Helmer\'s assumption about Nora\' personality (that it is \"deep in her blood\", spending, \"like father\") -Dr Rank\'s illness (Father was a disgusting thing, congenital and given by father through heredity)
- When is Environmental influences used as explanation for characters actions and circumstances?
- -Krogstad\'s influence on his children (\"everyone who is bad has a lying mother) -Helmer\'s refusal to let Nora see her children (wants to keep facade of a happy marriage, but she may not see kids)
- Independent Theatre Movement
- Small theatres fostering their own style; small theatres respond to new ideas faster than commercial theatre
- Commercial Theatre
- Variety of entertainment - melodramas, revivals, opera, vaudeville
- Touring Stock Companies
- professional company of performers touring a variety of shows in different theatres across the country
- Touring Stock Companies were managed by:
- an actor manager who set the season/schedule and was the main performer
- Star System (1870s)
- Major roles played by the same stars
- Acting was:
- Presentational
- Lines o Business
- stock characters; poor quality and grueling schedule
- Syndicate
- theatre owners and booking agents; monopolized tours and kept modernism out of theatre
- Where was the center for theatre?
- New York City
- Little Theatre Movement
- modeled after independent theatres; contribution: brought modernism to the US
- Off-Broadway Contributions
- 1st step in decentralization; preference for smaller theatres and thrust stages
- Regional Theatres
- professional and union; permanent facilities for resident companies;
- Non-profit Theatres
- organized as a charity; tax exempt; variety of funding - donations and funraisers; Contribution: stable employment in theatre NYC
- Small Professional Theatre
- part union, non-profit, less pay; contribution:
- University Theatre
- contribution: largest producer/trainer; add number of offerings; variety - educational mission creates wider range of plays
- Community Theatre
- non-professional; participants not-interested in theatre careers;