Literature Final

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a reference to a historical orliterary figure, happening or event that is meant to enhance the meaning of the story: allusion

like when they say "Venus" hinting at Aphrodite
a line spoken by an actor to the audience bu not intended for others on the stage: aside

like when romeo listens/talks to himself to/about juliet by the balcony and juliet does not kno.
a character in literature who has qualities that are sharp contrast to another character: foil

romeo : paris
a playon words that have similar sounds but more than one possible spelling or meaning: pun
a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme: sonnet

prologues in R&J
a londer speech that reveals the innermost thoughts and feelings of the charcter who speaks it. Just as if the character is peaking to himself/herself. Usually the character is alone on the stage. If other characters are present, they do not 'hear' the s: solilquy

romeo with juliet on her casket
way of increasing the tension and emotional impoact of a speech or scene: repetition
makes a direct comparison between things that are not truly alike: metaphor

it is the east, and juliet is the sun
speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a pscieal effect or mening, speech or writing employing figures of speech: figurative language
human characteristics are given to non-human things: personification
a unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and ften forming a complete thought or synactic unit: couplet
4 characteristics of a myth: 1) a story or tale
2) contains supernatural elements
3) explains the unexplainable
4) characters mirror strengths/weakenss of humans
5 reasons why we study mythology today: 1) influence on art, literature, music, drama, paintings, and sculptures
2) shows how the human race thought and how they acted in ancient times
3)helps retrace path of civilized man
4)provides us with historical background
5)the english language is rooted in greek
how to identify a hero: 1) heroes are often of obscure or mysterious origin
2) heroes are neither fools nor invincible
3) heroes are called upont to make a journey or to follow goal/quest
4) the hearoes ways are not always direct or clear
5) the heroes ways are beset with dangers, londliness, and temptation
6) many guest tales supply friends, servants, or disciples as company for heroes
7) heroes have guides
8) heroes descend into darkness and are not the same when they emerge from the darkness
9) what heroes seek is usally no more than a symbol of what they really find
10) with few exceptions the greek hero is male
6 characteristics of an epic: 1) the hero is a figure of huge stature
2) the setting is vast
3) the actions consist of deeds of great valor (glory) heroism
4) supernatural forces are present
5)the style is one of sustained elevation
6)the pet recounts the deeds of the hero objectively
6 conventions of an epic: 1) poem beings en meias res
2) poetwill retrace what has gone on before
3) catalogues are frequent
4) formal speeches are quite common
5) frequent use of the epic simile
6) invocation to the muse
Aristotle's definition of a tragedy: 1) single, unified action that has a certain magnitude
2) concerns the fall of a hero whose character is good, believable and consistent
3) the fall is caused in part by some erroe in the protagonist
4) the language is beautiful
5) there is alot of action
6) at the end of the play, the audience experiences catharsis
of emotions'purifying of emotions of pity and fear: catharsis
sin of pride; sin of most tragic heroes: hubris
conventions of greek theatre: 1) masks
2) boots
3) all men
3 unities: 1) time - 24 hours or less
2) setting- same place throughout
3) action - one theme; gods, laws or greek vocabulary
Dr. Rathburn's characteristics of a shakespere tragedy: 1) there is a central action and a tragic fall
2) causes of the fall are complicated
3) a moment of anagnoresis sometimes occurs
4) concentric circles
5) moral ambiguity
is the repetition of initial constant sounds. it gives emphasis to words to imitate sounds, and to create musical effects: alliterationthe
use of words that imitate sounds: onomatopoeia
anything that stands for or represents something else. an object that serves as a symbol, has its own meaning, but it alsp represents abstract ideas: symbol
one of the 3 major types of literature, most poems make use of highly consise, musical, and emotionally charged language: poetry
the descriptive figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader: imagery
a formed division of lines in a poem, considered as a unit (Quatrain- 4lines, cinquin - 5 lines, sestet - 6 lines, heptastich - 7 lines, and octave - 8 lines): stanza
the set of ideas associated with it in addition to its explicit meaning: connotation
the repetition of sounds at the ends of words: rhyme
awareness; moment of awakening: anagnoresis
Roman: Apollo/Delian Master musician, archer-god, healer, God of Light, God of Truth, God of Lycia, Wolf-god, and Mous-god Tree: Laurel Animal: dolphin and crows Symbol: lyre,bow/arrow oracle: delphi SON OF ZEUS/ TWIN BROTHE: Apollo
Roman: Jupiter/Jove Lord of the sky, raing ogd, cloud gatherer, and cheif of the gods bird: eagle symbol: thunderbolt, aegis oracle: dodona tree: oak: Zeus
Roman: Netprune Ruler of the sea symbol: trident, three pronged spear animal: bulls and horses (made for his wife) AKA EARTHSHAKER: Poisedon
Roman: Pluto/Dis Ruler over the dead, fod of wealth, and kinf of the dead symbol: helmet of invisibility, far-famed cap, black chariot WIFE=PERSEPHONE: Hades
Roman: Vesta Zeus' sister Goddes of Hearth and symbol of home symbol: fireplace virgin goddess: Hestia
Roman: Juno Protecterus of marriage Zeus'wife city: Argos animal: cow and peacock: Hera
Roman: Mars God of war, symbol of war bird: vulture animal: wronged dog: Ares
Roman: Minerva/Grey-Eyed Goddes of wisdom, battle goddess, goddess of the city, and protector of civilized life daughter of Zeus city: Athens tree: olive tree animal: owl Temple: Parthenon: Athena
Roman: Venus Goddess of Love and beauty, laughter-loving goddess, and irresistible goddess tree: myrtle bird: dove, lustious bird sparrow, and swan islands: cyprus and cythera MADE FROM FOAM: Aphrodite
Roman: Mercury Zeus'messenger, master theif, god of commerce and market, guide of the dead, and divine herald sumbol: winged hat and sandals, caduceus MOST FREQUENT IN GREEK MYTHS: Hermes
Roman: Diana/Cynthia One of three madien goddesses, lady of wild things, huntsman-in-cheif, and protectress of dewy youth symbol: silver arrow tree: cypress animal: any wild animals, esp deer moon- selene witchcraft- hecate<: Artemis
Roman: Vulcan/Mulciber God of fire, the workman of immortals, patron of handicrafts, God of ceremony symbols: anvil, forge, fire: Hephaestus
Roman: Bacchus God of wine, God of Drama city: Theves wife= aphrodite: Dinoysus
Roman: Ceres Goddess of corn, Goddess of harvest MOTHER OF PERSEPHONE: Demeter
she refused to help antigone: Ismene
he loved Antigone and was going to marry her: Haimon
he ordered the edict against burial: creon
blind prophet who knew the truth: teiresias
she was ready to die for a cause: antigone

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