MUS 1500
Terms
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- Music performed during a theatrical play.
- Incidental Music
- A "musical signature" associated with a specific characters and ideas in Wagner's stage works.
- Leitmotif
- The term used to describe the recurring transformable melody in Berlioz' "Fantastic Symphony"
- Idee fixe
- Music that does not intend to tell a specific story.
- Absolute Music
- Music that attempts to tell a story or "paint a picture" without words.
- Program Music
- The relative loudness/quietness of musical sound.
- Dynamics
- The element of "time" in music.
- Rhythm
- The horizontal presentation of pitch.
- Melody
- The vertical relationship of pitches.
- Harmony
- The interrelationship of simultaneously-sounding musical lines.
- Texture
- The characteristic sound of an instrument/voice.
- Tone Color
- The structural design of a musical work.
- Form
- [True or False] In the majority of non-Western cultures there is no such thing as "art music" [formal concert music]?
- True
- a long-necked stringed instrument of India.
- Sitar
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A Japanese plucked instrument with 13 strings and moveable bridges.
- Koto
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A Middle-Eastern pear-shaped, fretless stringed instrument.
- 'Ud
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A melodic pattern used in the music of India.
- Raga
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A rhythmic pattern used in the music of India.
- Tala
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A small clay Middle-Eastern drum that changes pitch by the player's finger pressure.
- Darabukkah
- A pair of drums used to accompany the music of India.
- Tabla
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The native-African tradition of a leader's improvised phrases alternatingly "answered" by a larger group.
- Call and Response
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Creating new music "on-the-spot" (at the same time it is being performed).
- Improvisation
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Several independent rhythms sounding at the same time.
- Polyrhythm
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A bronze "pot"-like instrument used in the gamelan.
- Bonang
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A 3-stringed Japanese "banjo".
- Shamisen
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A traditional Mexican group comprised of guitars, violin, trumpet, etc.
- Mariachi
- Syllables of chanted prayers used in American Indian music.
- Vocable
- A 5-note family of pitches (often used in Japanese music).
- Pentatonic scale
- India's best-known guru/sitarist.
- Ravi Shankar
- Composed most of the Medieval chants.
- Anonymous monks
-
French composer (c. 1200) known for writing organum.
- Perotin
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The most important composer of the late Middle Ages (French, c. 1350).
- Machaut
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A multi-faceted German nun and composer.
- Hildegard of Bingen
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Monophonic, Latin, Catholic liturgical music in a free rhythm.
- Chant
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An early type of Medieval POLYPHONY (uses chant in long-held notes in the lowest voice).
- Organum
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Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei.
- Mass Ordinary
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These prayers change every day to reflect the particular day of the church calendar.
- Mass Proper
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A sacred vocal work NOT based on a prayer from the Mass.
- Motet
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A Medieval dance with a strong triple meter.
- Estampie
- Many notes sung to one syllable of text.
- Melisma
-
The most famous composer of the MID-Renaissance.
- Josquin Desprez
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The greatest composer of LATE Renaissance sacred music.
- Giovanni da Palestrina
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One of the leading English madrigalists at the court of Queen Elizabeth I.
- Thomas Weelkes
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This Italian madrigalist was a transitional figure between late-Renaissance and early Baroque styles.
- Carlo Gesualdo
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A Renaissance bowed string instrument.
- Viol
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Music designed to symbolize the specific meaning of its text.
- Word-painting
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A secular piece written for a small group of unaccompanied singers.
- Madrigal
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A sacred vocal work NOT based on a prayer text from the Mass.
- Motet
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A melodic or harmonic punctuation at the end of a musical phrase or section.
- Cadence
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A pear-shaped, guitar-like plucked string instrument.
- Lute
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A compositional approach when all voice-parts are conceived together phrase-by-phrase.
- Simultaneous composition
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A compositional technique in which lines are layered one-at-a-time.
- Successive composition
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Flexible echoing of material from voice-to-voice.
- Imitation
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Strict echoing of material from voice-to-voice.
- Canon
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A Renaissance philosophy intended to reconcile theological practice with scientific inquiry.
- Humanism
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A work that alternates a GROUP OF SOLOISTS vs. an orchestra.
- Concerto grosso
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A work that alternates ONE SOLOIST vs. an orchestra
- Solo Concerto
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A Baroque chamber work requiring 4 players.
- Trio Sonata
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A complex polyphonic technique of manipulating a musical "subject."
- Fugue
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A short melodic or harmonic pattern that repeats exactly over and over.
- Ostinato
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An Italian term indicating for all performers to play together.
- Tutti
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Tutti, solo, tutti, solo, tutti, solo, tutti, etc.
- Ritornello Form
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A theatrical work performed by costumed solo singers/chorus and orchestra.
- Opera
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A long, sacred work for singers and orchestra that is not staged/costumed.
- Oratorio
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A short religious composition for solo singers, chorus and orchestra.
- Cantata
- Speech-like singing in free rhythm with sparse accompaniment.
- Recitative
- A tuneful manner of singing with a steady meter.
- Aria
- The "back-up" band of the Baroque (usually harpsichord and cello).
- Basso continuo
- A set of contrasting instrumental dance movements.
- Suite
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Ironically, Mozart died while writing this work.
- Mozart: Requiem
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This comic opera is based on a French play that boldly attacked the aristocracy.
- Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro
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A dead commander comes back from the grave to condemn a vicious aristocrat to Hell.
- Mozart: Don Giovanni
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This work uses the same 4-note motive as the basis for the main ideas in all movements.
- Beethoven: Symphony No. 5
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This symphony broke tradition by using solo singers and chorus.
- Beethoven: Symphony No. 9
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This work features a programmatic reference to Napolean Bonaparte.
- Beethoven: Symphony No. 3
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Exposition, Development, Recapitulation (the usual 1st-movement Classic form)
- Sonata Form
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Theme, Var.1, Var.2, Var.3, Var.4, etc.
- Theme & Variations
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After 1800, this was the usual 3rd-movement design of a Classic 4-movement work.
- Scherzo & Trio
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Before 1800, this was usual 3rd-movement design of a Classic 4-movement work.
- Minuet & Trio
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A-B-A-C-A-B-A (or A-B-A-C-A); commonly used in last movements of Classic instrumental works.
- Rondo
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A small musical fragment used to build a larger idea.
- Motive
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The Latin term for a "work."
- Opus
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A multi-movement work for a solo pianist (or solo instrument with piano accompaniment).
- Sonata
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A multi-movement work for 2 violins, viola, and cello.
- String Quartet
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A multi-movement work for orchestra.
- Symphony
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A "Mass for the Dead."
- Requiem
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A 3-movement work for a soloist vs. an orchestra.
- Solo Concerto
-
An aristocratic dance in triple meter.
- Minuet
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A Classic instrumental chamber work usually performed for social entertainment of the upper classes.
- Serenade
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Gods and mortals battle over the magic gold of the Rhine.
- Wagner: Ring of the Nibelungs
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Count Almaviva needs Figaro's help to win the hand of Rosina.
- Rossini: Barber of Seville
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A nationalistic tone poem that portrays the programmatic images of a Czech river.
- Smetana: The Moldau
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A sick young boy is scared to death by figments of his imagination.
- Schubert: Erlkonig
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A suicidal man hallucinates five "dreams" about his lost lover.
- Berlioz: Fantastic Symphony
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A colorful ballet based on a child's Christmastime fantasy.
- Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker
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This work chronicles the bitter-sweet romance of a dying seamstress and a struggling writer.
- Puccini: La Boheme
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Modern music that has no tonal center.
- Atonality
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An ultra-shocking, dissonant style fostered by Schoenberg.
- Expressionism
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An understated, static style promoted by Debussy.
- Impressionism
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The compositional technique besed on a pre-arranged series ("row") of 12 notes.
- Serialism
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A compositional style in which aspects of the work are left to chance.
- Chance Music
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Modern music based on the hypnotic repetition/distortion of short patterns.
- Minimalism
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Music that sounds in two or more keys at the same time.
- Polytonality
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A half-spoken, half-sung style of singing on approximate pitches.
- Sprechstimme
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A language that allows computers and digital music devices to communicate together.
- MIDI
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The process of attaching objects to the strings of a piano to create unusual new sounds.
- Prepared Piano
- Cowell: The Banshee
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Tone clusters
- Cage: 4'33"
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Chance Music
- Varese: Poeme Electronique
-
Musique concrete
- Debussy: Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
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Symphonic Poem
- Schoenberg: Pierrot lunaire
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Song cycle
- Copland: Appalacchian Spring
- Ballet
- Glass: Einstein on the Beach
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Minimalist opera
- Schoenberg: A Survivor from Warsaw
- Serialism
- Bernstein: West Side Story
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Jazz-Influenced Musical Theatre
- [TRUE or FALSE?] The audience rioted during the premiere performance of Aaron Copland's "Appalachian Spring"?
-
FALSE
(It was the premiere of Igor Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" that caused a riot in Paris in 1913) -
Hot Jazz
- Louis Armstrong
- Swing
- "Duke" Ellington
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Ragtime
- Scott Joplin
- Bebop
- Charlie Parker
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Cool Jazz
- Dave Brubeck
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Free Jazz
- Ornette Coleman
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"Classic" Blues
- Bessie Smith
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Soul Music
- James Brown
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"Acid" Rock
- Jimi Hendrix
- Techno
- The Prodigy
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A "Big Band" jazz style prominent in the 1930s-50s.
- Swing
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An early 20th-cdeveloped around the turn of the 20th century.
- Ragtime
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A style of improvised jazz singing on colorful nonsense syllables.
- Scat singing
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A 1980s/90s popular style that focused on nature sounds, acoustic instruments, etc.
- New Age Music
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A "mellow"developed in the 1950s.
- Cool Jazz
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A lively early style of "Dixieland" jazz developed in the 1920s/30s.
- Hot Jazz
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A combination of Jazz and Rock styles.
- Fusion
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An intensely improvisatory/virtuosic style of jazz developed in the 1950s.
- Bebop
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A style created by the merging of Country-Western and Rhythm-and-Blues.
- Rock and Roll
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A modern popular style that focuses on driving, repetitive rhythms and textual clarity.
- Rap (Hip-hop)