FACTORS OF WEATHER
anything with a '*******' next to it means that ms. rossini said that that that material was going to be on the test.
just so u know....
just so u know....
Terms
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- convergence
- air comes together at a particular location (storm weather)
- jet streams (polar cells)
- two rapidly moving streams of air (in each hemisphere) which are westerly winds caused by strong temp. and pressure changes (streaks of high speed air flow). jet streams circle the globe at the top of the troposphere-jet streams can cause development of low-pressure systems even tornadoes-strongest in winter, can cause turbulence and injury to planes
- Temperature
- the amount of heat in the atmosphere
- dewpoint readings:
- 60's-moderately uncomfortable, 70's very uncomfortable, 80's-tough to breathe
- bar
- basic unit of pressure
- tradewinds (hadley cell)
- (need to know why they are called that) which are named so because it once steered merchants and explorers acroos the pacific and atlantic.
- dry bulb
- measures actual air temperature. if wet and dry bulbs indicate the same temperature the air has a relative humidity of 100%
- Celcius (or centigrade)
- introduced by andres celcius in 1742, based on two fixed points: the freezing point of water (0 degrees) and the boiling point (100 degrees), scale devided into 100 equal parts between these points
- Control behavior of the air
- temperature, moisture, pressure
- ******if the air is filled with water vapor it
- *******can't hold as much additional water. so when the dewpoint is high, the water vapor content is is high, and less persiperation can evaporate into the air. our bodies can't cool as effectively , in other words, we can't loose much heat and and are uncomortable
- wet bulb
- is surrounded by wet muslin and measures the temperature of the saturated air
- coriolis force
- a force named for gaspard coriolis-the earth is in motion, it is rotating on its axis and goes around once a day
- weather reports say relative humidity is 50%, that means
- the air contains 50% of the water needed for the air to be saturated. saturated air has a helative humidity of 100%
- sweating
- when sweat glands release water in the form of perspiration
- low pressure =
- stormy weather
- horse latitudes (hadley cell)
- called so because when water supply ran low on ships, mariners tossed their horse cargo to make the ship go faster
- condensation
- when water vapor gas changes into actual droplets of water
- the dewpoint
- reflects the water vapor content in the air and that water vapor influences the natural cooling mechanism of our bodies
- prevailing westerlies (ferrel cell)
- west to east winds that occur in the temperate zone-strong winds that can be hazardous
- three verticle circulatims of air
- hadley cell (30 degrees north and south of the equator), farrel cell (occurs 30-60 degrees north and south), polar cell (between poles 60 degrees north and south)
- whenever atmosphere is lifted away from the earth's surface =
- pressure is lowered
- absolute humidity
- the quantity of water vapor in a given amount of air at the current temperature
- water vapor
- water in an invisible gaseous form (is water evaporated from earth's surface oceans and lakes)
- barometer (mercurial)
- has mercury in a graduated glass tube
- dewpoint temperature
- temperature at which saturation occurs, is used to help predict the occurance of clouds, and is a good index of human comfort
- fehrenheit scale
- based on the point os 0 degrees and 96 degrees, what gabriel fahrenheit assumed to be the temperature of the human body-boiling point of water: 212 degrees
- santa ana winds
- when pressure forms in the great basin east of southern california and warm, dry air is forced over the mountains, it cools slightly as it rises on the windward side and then races down the leeward slopes as a 'santa ana wind'
- polar cells
- where polar air sinks and flows away from the poles downward meeting the ferrel cells at 60 degrees latitude
- in northern hemisphere
- high pressure areas spin clockwise, and is the opposite in the southern hemisphere
- divegence
- more air leaves than arrives (sunny day)
- wind
- when air is moved above the rotating earth
- coriolis effect
- the rotation of the earth causing moving objects such as winds and ocean currents to be deflected, so it effects the direction of air around high and low pressure
- saturated
- when air can hold no more water vapor
- heat cramps
- caused when hot weather results in rapid water and salt loss, causing in a chamical imbalance that leads to cramps
- atmosphereic pressure
- caused by the weight of the air=15 pounds per square inch (10 to 12 tons rest on the average adult) we don't realize because we exer the same amount of pressure back
- heat stroke
- when body temp reaches 106 degrees and the body completely shuts down, can be fatal
- barometer (aneriod bar)
- a little box within the instrument will expand or contract when the pressure around it decreases or increases. as volume changes a dial moves right or left showing the pressure
- high pressure =
- a sunny day-because in sinking air no moisture can rise=no clouds=CLEAR SKY!!!!
- north of the equator air spins
- clockwise around the areas of high pressure and counter clockwise around areas of low pressure
- heat exhaustion
- fatigue, headache, nausea, fainting caused by additional water loss
- ferrel cell
- at 40 degrees latitude (westerly winds)
- hadley cell
- tropical regions receive more intense sunlight (horse latitudes, tradewinds, doldrums)
- polar jet streams
- form where warm extended air meets cool, dense polar air at the surface providing a pressure differencial
- humidity
- the quantity of water vapor in the air
- relative humidity
- a measure of the quantity of moisture in the air relative to the quantity needed to saturate the air at-----is the absolute humidity devided by the amount H2O that could be present in the air and is expressed in percentages AS THE AIR TEMPERATURE GOES UP, THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY GOES DOWN because warm air can hold more water vapor
- the force in the atmosphere
- at high levels takes air out and away. this outflow of air is in the upper atmosphere. causes the drawing of the atmosphere upward and sets off vertical motions that leads to rain.
- air always moves from
- areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
- doldrums (hadley cell)
- areas around the equator where the tradewinds from the two hemispheres meet- light winds, rainy
- heating can cause the atmosphere
- to rise too