AP Unit 2
Terms
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- henry bourbon
- held protestant claim to the french thrown but converted to catholicism to save himself and the french people
- peace of westphalia
- holy roman empire no longer played a major role in the affairs of central europe, final part of middle ages because no more hope for unity in europe
- charles v
- most powerful ruler controlled spain, low countries, holy roman empire, parts of italy and new world
- habsburg-valois wars
- charles vs francais, began in italy, went into reformation
- baroque
- religious art, catholic patronized
- act of supremacy
- parliment declared henry the head of catholic church
- willaim of orange
- leader of the protestants against alba
- bernini
- artist that helped make rome center for catholicisim
- Christian Humanism
- Northern humanists emphasis on christian readings-wanted reforms
- german peasants revolt
- luther hated, products of economy and new religion
- philip II
- ruler of spain, low countries, parts of italy, and new world, son of charles V, catholic habsburg
- diet of worms
- luther vs emperor charles V
- twelve years truce
- philip III granted the dutch independence
- peace of augsburg
- settled religious conflict in germany where religion was determined by ruler, NOT religious toleration
- simony
- buying and selling of church offices
- pluralism
- the holding of mulitple church offices
- anabaptists
- adult baptism, total separation of church and state
- teresa of avila
- visions of jesus, founded a society
- sola gratia
- gift of grace
- thomas cromwell
- minister to henry who helped confiscate church lands
- henry VIII
- supported catholic church, became leader to have a divorce
- transubstantiation
- catholic, bread and wine are body and blood
- edict of nantes
- huguenot toleration from henry bourbon
- defenestration of prague
- bohemian nobles tossed 2 officials out of the prague castle after a betrayel by ferdinand, they then made protestant fredrick V king
- francis xavier
- jesuit who spread christianity in india indonesia and japan
- ottoman empire
- killed charles brother, took hungary and vienna
- Pope Leo X
- allowed the sale of indulgences to build st peter's basilica
- jesuits
- catholic education from st ignatius loyola
- john calvin
- predestination, institutes of christian religion, leader of geneva
- sola scriptura
- word alone
- genevan consistory
- elders employed people to monitor
- elizabeth I
- established england as potestant
- Mary Tudor
- no toleration for protestants
- gustavus adolphus
- pioneered lighter and more mobile cavalry
- catherine de medicis
- moderate valois widow of french king henry II
- huguenots
- french calvanists, many french nobles
- spanish armada
- elizabeth was aiding the dutch so philip faught with a fleet of shipw and lost
- marburg colloquy
- luther and zaingly met to settle disagreement on bread and wine
- guises
- ultra-catholics who thought the valois were weak against the bourbons
- zwingly
- disagreed with consubstantiation
- st bartholomew's day massacre
- wedding between henry bourbon and catherine de medicis daughter, but rumors spread that the protestants were trying to take over the gov't so they were slaughtered
- the index of prohibited books
- banned anything that misled the faithful
- indulgences
- believer could draw on jesus' and the saints' stock of grace to reduce time in purgatory
- fuggers
- german banking family
- francais I
- took side of german protestants even though catholic, charles's biggest rival
- duke of alba
- the burgandians were attacking catholicism so he set up the council of blood to execute protestants
- thomas more
- utopia, died for catholic church when henry VIII wanted control
- sola fide
- faith alone
- pacification of ghent
- netherlands called to end of spanish rule
- sea beggars
- ships that engaged in acts of piracy against the spanish, helped william of orange
- ecclesiastical ordinances
- geneva divided church into doctors-scripture, pastors-preached, deacons-charity, elders-discipline
- thomas a kempis
- imitation of christ-excersies for communication with god
- politiques
- ruler who places political unity above conformity to religious dogma
- erasmus
- poked fun at clergy, promoted education