btmm 20 (lent) 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- what are the 3 segments of the book industry?
- publisher, retailer, and distributor
- what are the 4c's in newspaper?
-
competition
consolidation
classifieds(make up 40% of paper)
credibility - what is a newshole?
- the amount of news that can be printed in one edition (online papers have no limitations)
- what are the 6 features of a newspaper?
-
1. has diverse content
2. conveniently packaged
3. local (school meetings)
4. serves as a historical record
5. performs the watchdog role
6. newspapers are timely (getting news out fast) - what did the john peter zenger trial symbolize?
- symbolized blow for press freedom
- what is the chief concern of a newspaper?
- it's circulation
- what ws the significance of the political press?
- they openly supported a particular party, function, or cause
- what does the first ammendment state?
- congress shall make no law ...abridgingthe freedom oof speech or the press
- what was yellow journalism?
- a was a means where there was more aggressive reporting, new energy (popular layouts and displays),more readers
- what topics were covered during yellow journalism?
- se, murder, self-promotion, and human intrest stories
- what were the four changes that the penny press brought about concerning newspapers?
-
1. the basis of economic support
2. the pattern of distribution
3. the definition of what constituted news
4. the techniques of news collection (increased it's speed) - during the early 20th century, what changes occured with the newspaper?
-
-circulation and profits went up
-number of daily newspapers decreased
-number of cities with competing newspapers decreased - what were the reasons/cause for newspaper changes in the 20th century?
-
-cost of new technology was to expensive
-advertisers showed a preference for the paper w/ the largest circulation
-consolidation had increased profits in the railroad, grocery, etc and newspapers publishers decided it could do the same for them - what changes occured w/ the paper concerning the great depression?
-
1.circulation increased, but income of the indusrty decreased
2.there was an emergence of radio as a competitor for national ad. dollars - what was the significance of the newspaper, "USA Today"?
-
-had splashy graghics & color
-short, easy to read stories
-many graghs,charts, &tables
-factiods (a list of boiled down facts..like this one) - what are the 2 sources of income for a newspaper?
-
1.advertising
2.circulation - what are some problems concerning circulation of papers?
-
-papers w/ small circulation have more trouble trying to attract adverisers
-price varies - what is the purpose of the ABC (audit bureau of circulation)for newspapers?
-
-to establish ground rules for counting circulation, make sure rules are enforced, and provide written reports of circulation data
-audits about 3/4 0f all print media in the U.S. - what did early magazine content consist of?
- they were storehouses of varied literary materials gathered from books, pamphlets, and newspapers and bound together under one cover
- what happened during the penny press era of mags. and what impact did it have?
-
-mags flourished and that was when muckraking started
-improved printing techno.
-postal act of 1879
-became more specialized - why was their a surge in mags.
-
-more available money
-better printing techniques
-postal act 1879 (gave mags. special mailing rates) - what was the significance of the muckrakers?
- went and got info. on corrupt practices in the big buisness
- what is the relationship now between the internet and the magazine?
- experts believe that it would be diificult to launch a print mag. w/o launching a website. (they compliment each other)
- what are the defining features of a magazine?
-
1.graphics/ pictures
2.specialized
3.most in tune w/ social trends
4.convenient(easy to package) - what are the 2 ways to organize the mag. industry?
- content and function
- what are the 6 categories that make up the content of the mag. industry?
-
1.general consumer
2.business &trade publications
3.custom mags.
4.literary reviews/ academic journals
5.newsletters
6.public relations mags. - what are the 3 functions that help classify the mag. industry?
-
-production
-distribution
-retail(supermarkets) - what are thee 2 types of circulation when it deals with mags.?
-
-paid: subscription
-controlled:available to certain markets - what type of feedback fo mags. receive?
- ABC (audit bureau circulation): look at statistics for mags& newsletter
- what were some characteristics of the early books?
-
-sometimes on scrolls
-put together by monks
-thought of as a work of art
-more religious - what was the significance of gutenburg's printing press concerning books?
- the change in printing technology and the growth of literacy helped the publishing indusrty
- what was the significance of the penny press era when it dealt with books?
-
-changes in the printing technology
-more focused content
-cheaper
-libraries started developing
-more leisure time
-became a status symbol - what are the 2 defining features of books?
-
-least sold (mass)
-oldest form of mass media - what were e- books and why didn't they take off?
-
-books online
-b/c it was hard to read online, formats weren't compatible, weren't really enough books - what was the whole concept of printing on demand and it's 3 advatages?
-
u can go to the book store and get the book of choice printed in 15 min.
- adv... publishers don't have to guess how many books they should print, eliminates all expensive productions and shipping, and guarantees that no books will be returned unsold - who are the audience that are considered for books?
-
-pple over 40
-pple around 25 or younger count for about 5% of the industry - what are the 2 main channels by which books get to consumers?
-
traditional method (publishers ship books to a wholesaler where it is sent to a retail outlet for consumers)
- online booksellers (where consumer orders a book from a website and the book is shipped to them) - which segment of the book industry has developed a classification system for the industry based upon the market that is served.
- publishers
- what are some examples of book retailers?
- barnes and noble and college bookstores
- what were the general features of the early newspaper?
-
-few papers
-printers and post makers did most of early publishing
-news wasn't as timely
-they were published only by the permission of local govt. - newspapers grew during revolutionary war and most were partisan siding w/ colonies or crown. all of this prompted the beginnings of what?
- political press
- this came fromt the vortex of the debate between federalits and anti- federalists?
- first amendment and bill of rights
- what were the significant changes during the civil war time for paper?
-
-inverted pyramid was introduced
-newspapers grew faster than the population - this introduced more attractive newspaper designs...?
- yellow journalism
- what changes in the paper characterize the early 20th century?
-
-newspaper chains grew quickly
-jazz journalism was introduced - how were papers catergorized during jazz journalism?
-
-tabloids
-richly illustrated w/ photographs - what changes occured w/ dailies and advertising during the great depression?
-
-total income of paper industry decreased
-profitable papers were unable to stay in business
-the emergence of radio was a competitor for advertising dollars - what were some post war chracteristics?
-
-circulation decrease in cities and big cities
-number of cities w/ competing dailies dropped
-chains continued to grow - what were problems with circulation concerning papers?
- -the ratio of newspaperspers per household has declined (daily newspapers aren't keeping pace w/ overall growth of pop.)
- what are the steps taken in the ABC concerning papers?
-
-publishers keep records of circulation data
-file circ. statement to ABC
-ABC disseminates to clients and audits once a year - when it comes to the paper, what is the audiences response?
-
-% of adults reading the paper has declined(18-44)
-print is losing readers to online - what two things did mags. do during the penny press era?
-
-expanded appeal/ coverage and aimed for literate middle class
-showed the importance of women - what was the impact of the mag. boom?
-
-pple started to recognize the potential for national advertising
-crusading spirit increased...muckraking came into play - when it concerns mags., what were muckarakers and their significance?
- they were mags. that published exposes and encouraged reform
- what was the initial reaction of mags. concerning the internet?
- viewed competitors w/ apprehension b/c they feared online products would take away readers and ads. revenue
- what does the ABC do for the mags.?
- gives info. on who is reading/ reports mags. average paid circulation and rate base (# of buyers guaranteed by mag &# mags. uses to compute ad. rates)
- how was printing during the colonial days of the mag.?
- early publishers functioned as printers and sometimes as authors (ben franklin was a printer -publisher)
- what were 3 significant things that occured during the penny press era of books?
-
-bookreading became a symbol of education and knowledge
-# of libraries tripled
-specialized books also appeared - what helped fuel the paper back boom?
- soldiers turned to reading to fill the idle time between campaigns