radcards GI radiology
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- what are risk factors for pancreatic adenoca
-
smoking
longstanding DM
hereditary pancreatitis
*pearl* ETOH and caffeine are not risk factors - what makes pancreatic ca unresectable
-
adjacent organ involvement (not duodenum)
vascular invasion (including SMA encircled more than 270 degrees, SMV encased over 1cm or portal vein confluence involved)
lymphadenopathy
distant metastasis
malignant ascites - ddx: intussusception
-
polyp
carcinoma
lymphoma
lipoma
meckel's diverticulum
scleroderma
sprue
cystic fibrosis - ddx: chronic pancreatitis
-
ETOH
hereditary pancreatitis
cystic fibrosis
hyperlipidemia
hyperparathyroidism
pancreas divisum - ddx: irregular thickened sb folds
-
WAGCLEM
whipple's
waldenstrom's
amyloid
abetalipoproteinemia
giardia
crohn's
lymphoma
lymphangiectasia
eosinophilic gastroenteritis
mastocytosis, mets - describe partial gastrectomy complications
-
anastomotic ulcer (efferent loop)
gastric ca (afferent)
bezoar
intussusception (jejuno-gastric)
afferent loop syndrome - ddx: splenomegaly
-
infection
- mono
- malaria
- TB
malignancy
- lymphoma
- leukemia
- mets
congestion
- portal hypertension
- splenic vein thrombosis
autoimmune
- collagen vascular disease
infiltration
- gauchers
- sarcoid
- mastocytosis
hematologic
- thalasemia
- sickle cell (small or big)
trauma
- cyst
- hemorrhage - ddx: LUQ calcs
-
splenice hematoma
splenic cyst
adrenal cyst
adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal TB
neuroblastoma
pancreatic pseudocyst
pancreatic neoplasm
splenic artery aneurysm - ddx: adynamic ileus
-
gastroenteritis
appendicitis
pancreatitis
pyelonephritis
cholecystitis
drugs - morphine, atropine, cocaine
DM
uremia
post-op
metabolic - hypokalemia - ddx: colonic obstruction
-
carcinoma
volvulus
hernia
impaction
diverticulitis
pelvic tumor - ddx: delayed gastric emptying
-
pyloric ulcer
gastric neoplasm
vagotomy
pancreatitis
hypocalcemia/hypokalemia
drugs
myxedema
scleroderma
DM - ddx: fatty infiltration of liver
-
ETOH
DM
obesity
hyperalimentation
steroids
chemotherapy
malnutrition
reye's syndrome - what diseases mimic crohn's
-
TCBY
TB
Campylobacter
Yersinia enterocolitica - what diseases mimic UC
-
amebiasis
salmonella/shigella
ischemia
pseudomembranous colitis
behcet's - what 2 features seen in crohn's are not present in UC
-
skip lesions
fistulae - what is the approach to diffuse small bowel nodularity
-
>4mm nodules - lymphoid metaplasia (neoplasm)
<4mm nodules - lymphoid hyperplasia - ddx: lymphoid hyperplasia
-
infection
immune deficiency
*pearl* with malabsorption think giardia; over 40y look for carcinoma - ddx: target lesions of bowel
-
mets - melanoma, breast, colon
lymphoma
kaposi's
leiomyoma/sarcoma
pancreatic rest
apthous ulcers - ddx: multiple small bowel strictures
-
CIA RIM
crohn's
ischemia
adhesions
radiation
infection
mets - ddx: regular, thick small bowel folds
-
hemorrhage
- ischemia (vasculitis)
- atherosclerosis
- hemophilia
- ITP/TTP
- trauma
- HUS/HSP
Edema
- hypoalbunemia
- radiation
- lymphatic obstruction
tumor
- lymphoma - ddx: small bowel nodules
-
WAGCLEM
whipples
amyloid
giardiasis
crohn's/crypto
lymphoma
eosinophilic gastroenteritis
mets/mastocytosis - ddx: hypervascular liver lesion
-
FNH
HCC
Mets
- islet cell
- melanoma
- choriocarcinoma
- carcinoid - what is the does of glucagon used in GI studies
-
0.1 - 0.25 mg IV for UGI
0.5 - 1.0 mg IV for BE - what are absolute contraindications to glucagon
-
pheochromocytoma
*pearl* mets are 20x more common than primary malignancy - ddx: segmental colitis
-
infection
- amebic
- yersinia
- salmonella/shigella
- viral
inflammatory
- crohn's
- behcet's
radiation
ischemia
pseudomembranous colitis - ddx: rectal colitis
-
chlamydia
gonococcus
lymphogranuloma venerum - ddx: coned cecum
-
TB
carcinoma
mets - ddx: gastric fold thickening
-
neoplasm
- gastric ca
- lymphoma
- mets
gastritis
- erosive
- corrosive
hemorrhagic
hypertrophic
- menetier's
- ZE - ddx: toxic megacolon
-
UC
amebiasis
*pearl* 20% mortality with BE - which tumor spreads to the superior surface of transverse colon, inferior surface
-
superior: stomach
inferior: pancreas -
barium buzz words:
- mucosal
- submucosal
- serosal -
mucosal: granular, shaggy, erosion
submucosal: thumb-printing, pinky-printing
serosal: spiculated,tethered, mass-effect -
risk of ca with polyps
<1cm
1-2cm
>2cm -
<1cm: 1%
1-2cm: 10%
>2cm: 50% - what are the 3 most common causes of small bowel obstruction
-
adhesions
hernia
tumor - ddx: mesenteric mass
-
CRADLE
carcinoid
retractile mesenteritis
adenoca
desmoid
lymphadenopathy (lymphoma, TB, yersinia, whipple's, MAI)
everyone forgets mets - ddx: spiculated bowel folds
-
RID ME
radiation
ischemia
diverticulitis
metastasis
endometritis - ddx: focal esophageal ulcer
-
CMV
herpes
HIV
drugs - ddx: dilated small bowel
-
scleroderma
obstruction
meds (narcotics) - ddx: small bowel filling defect
-
lipoma
nerver sheath tumor
lymphoma
carcinoma
carcinoid
mets - ddx: small bowel nodule
-
Major League PC
mastocytosis/mets
leukemia/lymphoma/lymphoid hyperplasia
polyps (hamartomas in sb, familial polyposis in lb)
crohn's - appearance of hemangioma on MRI
-
on T2 it is > CSF and spleen
nodular, interrupted enhancement - appearance of HCC on MRI
-
on T2 and T1 it is > liver
early enhancement
*pearl* look for venous invasion - ddx: shaggy esophagus
-
candidiasis
reflux esophagitis - FNH vs fibrolamellar HCC
-
FL has increased size
FL scar is low on T2WI, FNH is high
FL scar does NOT enhance, FNH does - appearance of adenoma on MRI
-
on T1 it is > liver
on T2 heterogenous - appearance of liver mets on MRI
-
on T2 they are > CSF but < spleen
*pearl* note that hemangiomas are > spleen