adaptive monogamy
Terms
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copy deck
- involves reproductive success
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greater chance egg will be fertilized
engertically expensive to search for other female
offspring survival with mate assistance - What are the advantages to a female who engages extra-pair copulation?
- outside the pair-bond, females gain resources, get assistance with offspring,and ensure that there is enough sperm to fertilize the egg, also genetic variability and reduce the effects of imbreeding
- what is the hypothesis of polygyny in females?
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Utilizes resources of a male with a high quality territory
Sucessful rearing of offspring in a good territory.
Sexy son hypothesis"good genes" by attractive features from the male.
Cooperative hunting and defense. Costly to leave to persue a monogamous relationship - What are three types of polygyny and examples?
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1.female defense polygyny-males defend harems-elephant seals, horses
2.Resource defense polygyny-males defend resources-reed warblers,red-winged black bird.
3.Lek polygyny-males display at "symbolic" territories-hammerhead bats, prairie chickens. - what is an example of a polyandrous animal? What is the different about this animals in terms of sexual selection?
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1. Jacunas, sandpipers,pipe fish
2. Sexual selection is reversed in this animal. The males are the chosey ones - give example of sibling rivarly in a non-human animal
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siblings compete for food resources from their parent "begging"
reddest gape in a nestling will receive more food - Is external fertilization more often associated with male or female care? Present two hypothesis...
- greater certainty of paternity, males usually release sperm after females release eggs, males will defend territories-male care
- what kind of paternal care is observed in birds?
- Biparental care- both parents incubate eggs and feed offspring
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Describe brood parasitism
and example of it - birds of honeyguides, cuckoos and cowbirds lay their eggs in other unrelated birds. The host birds provide parental care
- What is the cost related to social groups?
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competition for mates,food and nesting sites
Conspicuous to predators
Energy spent maintaining social bonds
Exposure to parasites and disease
Greater risk of providing care to another's offspring - what are the benefits of a social groups?
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Increased vigilance, mobbing dilution effect, confusion effect
Cooperative or helping behavior
Social learning and information sharing - Name three ways that rank in a dominance hierarchy can be established.
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Confrontation(elephant seals) followed by experience (winners win losers lose-blue footed boobys
Associations with high ranking individuals ranking (dark-eyes juncos)
individuals
Status of parents or birthright
(rhesus monkeys}
Dominance hierarchy =greater access to resources and mates
Advantages to stability related to higher overall reproductive sucess, reduction of confrontations and potential injury