science midterm
science study guide.
Terms
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- hypothesis
- an educated guess
- solvent
- your begining product
- effervescense
- the escaping gas from a mixture
- concentrated
- a strong solution with more substance than water
- physical change
- a change in the state of matter
- 4 things produced from chemical reaction
- light, heat/cold, change in color, new product.
- ionic
- bonds that are formed when electrons are transfored from one atom to another (50% and up is ionic)
- boiling point
- the temperature when a liquid changes to a gas
- purpose statement
- determines purpose of expiriment
- qualitative data
- data you collect usuing your senses
- Retention Factor
- Water line/color line=RF
- mass
- the amount of matter in an object
- x axis
- horizontal line on a graph
- cation
- a posotively charged atom
- vaporization
- is the phase change as a liquidturns to a gas
- liquid
- no definite shape, definite volume
- 4 things that speed up a chemical reaction
- catalyst, change in surface area, temperature, more conentration
- diluted
- a mixture with little concentration.
- decomposition
- a chemical reaction caused by heat or light
- deposition
- isa the phase change as a substance changes from a gas to solid without passing through a liquid state
- electron
- negativley charged, found in outer shell weighs less then protons and electrons.
- heterogenous
- a type of mixture that can be seperated
- displacement
- A+BC=AB+C (type of chemical reaction)
- covalent bond
- a bond formed when atoms sharte their outermost electrons (50% and lower is covalent)
- properties of matter
- weight, mass, vollume, density
- anion
- a negativley charged atom
- neutrons
- nutral charge found neucleus weighs the most.
- molecule
- a substance that is made up of two or more atoms of the same element
- protons
- possotive charge, found in the nucleus weighs more then electron less then neutron
- Nutural
- 7 on ph scale green.
- condensation
- is the phase change when a substance turnes from liquid to a gas
- sublimation
- the phase change when a substance changes from a solid to gas skipping liquid state
- freezing
- is the phasse change when a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
- isotopes
- an atom wwith a nutural charge
- suspension
- oner substance refusing to mix with another
- Chromotography
- a method of analysing mixtures by seperating them
- plasma
- matter with high enrgy
- ion
- an atom with an unbalanced charge
- combustion
- occurs when there is a rapid exothermic combonation of substances with oxygen (fuel+O+heat=combustion)
- chemical change
- a change in the chemical forula from a chemical reation
- compound
- two different element combined to create a new substance
- volume
- the amount of space an object takes up
- quantitative data
- data you collect using numbers
- solute
- a substance added to a chemical reaction to create a change in the solution
- dependent variable
- a variable that depends on other variables
- y axis
- vertical line on a graph
- solid
- definite shape definite volume
- Atom Shells
- 1.2 2.7 3.7 4.18 5.18 6.32 7.32
- independent variable
- variable that stands alone
- density
- the amount of mass per volume of an object
- gas
- no definite shape or volume
- noble gas
- an element that has its outermost electrons filled
- solution
- your final product (result)
- endothermic
- a chemical reaction that absorbs energy. (cold)
- exothermic
- a chemical reaction when energy is released. (hothothot)
- Acid
- 1-6 on ph scale. red orange and yellow (starts with H its an acid)
- metallic covalent
- a bond that is formed between to elements that are both metals (50% and lower only metals)
- weight
- is dependent on the pull of gravity and is not constant
- Base
- 8-14 on ph scale blue and purple (ends in Co3 its a base)
- purpose
- reason for expiriment
- flame test
- used to determine what metal cation is desolved in a solution