air polution
Terms
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- Positive feedback is known as?
- warming of the oceans leads to an unstable reaction
- Hydroflourocarbons
- not going to breakdown ozone
- nitrogen
- 100 million tons per year
- Most CFCs come from:
- aersolos
- What is Milankovitch cycles?
- a process which refers to the variations in the Earth's orbit and axis of rotation
- What diseases are related to tobacco?
- Urinary tract; nervous system; pulmonary tract; gastrointestinal tract
- Why are CFCs so dangerous for the ozone layer?
- last 1000's of years, and have chlorine then sun hits it and makes O3
- Where is ozone concentrated?
- lower atmosphere
- PSC's form when the temperature drops below-
- 195k
- bases
- elements are metallic; bitter tasting; release OH- in water
- Dose-response curve
- effect expected for exposures to a range of concentrations over different periods of time
- sulfur flux
- 100 million tons per year
- Sulfur Cycle
- sulfur dioxide; sulfuric acid; sulfate ion; hydrogen sulfide; dimethyl sulfuide
- The problem with ethanol use as an alternative energy source is?
- if used heavily, it can produce more O3 gas
- Schemes to save the ozone:
- 1. shoot bunch of OH in air 2. electrically charge chlorine
- What does the ozone layer prevent most from hitting the earth's surface?
- UV-C
- PSC's convert chlorine into-
- CLO
- effects of acid rain
- damages plant tissues; yields reduced and crops ruined; metals; lakes; damages art & buildings
- Nitrogen cycle
- nitrogen; nitrous oxide; nitrogen oxides; nitric acid
- what color did the pH indicator turn in the "acid rain" in the "smog in a bottle" demonstration?
- red
- What is the current release of a compound which is dominated by human emmisions
- sulfur
- "Urban head island"
- urban surfaces absorb a lot of sunliught, and hold significant amounts of heat. causes city to be hotter than suburbs and countryside
- Alkaline Buffers in Enviroment
- Ammonia NH3- emmited from agriculture activities; Calcium Carbonate- limestone
- Soft path is known as?
- correcting the greenhouse problem by developing alternative energy sources
- "smog in a bottle" demonstration
- "jacobs latter"
- Ground plumes
- produce largest pollutant concentrations close to the source
- Toxicology
- is the controlled laboratory study of the quantitative physiological effects of specific substances on organisms exposed to measure amounts under defined conditions
- Why are CFC's so dangerous?
- they have long lifetimes
- What product of radioactive decay primarily enters the home through the foundation?
- radon
- "Dose"
- Specific amount of pollutant, or toxin, that an organism receives as a result of exposure
- Vortical winds begin to create a rotating polar vortex in what months?
- June/ July
- Condom Demonstration
- ozone is dangerous when low in the troposphere
- What is the Ames Test used to observe?
- mutagenic activity
- What is the technology trap of nuclear weapons?
- Dramatic cooling
- Bruce Ames & salmonella
- discovered a species of salmonella bacteria which can be used to test for mutagenicity
- Crystosphere is?
- "air conditioning unit" where Earth's surface water is found in solid form
- Greenhouse gasses are:
- H20, CFC, CH4, O3
- Epidemiology
- is the statistical evaluation of health information on individual exposed to specific toxic pollutants to determine cause and effect relationship and to quantify those relationship
- acids
- elements become oxidised; sour tasting; release H+ in water
- Buoyancy
- more density, more pressure, negatively buoyant
- How is ozone formed?
- O3
- Types of inversions
- subsidence (high pressure)- air pushes down and condenses adiabatically; infrared radiation inversion- large vs. cool air blown in and trapped; marine layer- coastal; cool air above water/ocean; desert winds- coastal winds blow over mtns and compress
- Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
- grean house gas
- What do HCFC's and HFC's have in common?
- 1. they are redesigned forms of CFC's 2. They are greenhouse gasses 3. They have a natural sink 4. they react with OH
- Control acid rain
- use low sulfur fuels like natural gas
- Acid Rain
- Regional problem; International problem= forest death
- Where do higher dobson units occur?
- higher latitudes
- The catalytic agents to ozone destruction are?
- CL, NO, Br, OH
- Carbon cycle
- carbon dioxide; carbon monoxide; carbonic acid
- what chemical was added into gas to reduce CO emmisions?
- MTBE
- What is known to potentially lead to lung cancer?
- smoking; asbestos; radon
- What is the greatest carbon source in the atmosphere?
- Fossil Fuels
- carbon flux
- 100 billion tons per year
- What drives most of the processes in the biogeochemical cycle?
- solar energy
- defraction
- the deflection and decomposition of light in passing by the edges of opaque bodies through narrw slits
- What is a "flux"?
- Energy flowing between reservois