Meiselman Science Final
Here are all the vocab from 7th grade science. If you think something is missing please tell me.
Terms
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- zygote
- fertilized egg
- cytokinesis
- two genetically identical daughter cells are formed
- lysomsome
- are the clean up the crew in the cell they break down dead or broken organelles
- Pressure
- the force something exerts over a given area
- DNA
- also known as Deoxyribonucleic acid it is the genetic matter that passes traits down generations
- urine
- the watery fluid in which urea, excess water and some other waste materials are eliminated in
- seta
- the long filament that has a sporangia attached to the end
- fruiting bodies
- the structure in which spores are produced
- nucleolus
- a structure within the nucleus where ribosomes are made
- telophase
- nuclear membrane reforms, chromatids uncoil back into chromatin, cell membrane pinches back into two cells organelles divide into each cell
- genes
- the factors that control traits
- hypothesis
- a possible explanation for a set of observations or an answer to a scientific question; must be testable; if then statement
- nonvascular plants
- low growing plants that do not contain vascular tissue
- trachea
- windpipe
- cell cycle
- the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
- pancreas
- a triangular organ that produces enzymes that break down starches, proteins and fats
- interphase
- during this phase the cell grows to its mature size, makes a copy of its DNA and prepares to go through division
- Vesicles
- the packages that the golgi bodies make
- heterotroph
- an organism that cannot make its own food
- How do fungi feed?
- first it grows hyphae into the food source, then digestive chemicals break down the food into simpilar substances that can be absorbed by the hyphae
- compact bone
- a very strong and compact part of the bone
- resolution
- the ability to clearly distinguish the parts of an object
- asexual reproduction
- a reproductive process that only requires one parent and the offspring are gentically identical to the parent
- Plant Characteristics
- they are all multicellular, autotrophs that are also eukaryotes
- sickle cell
- when an abnormall form of hemoglobin is produced and causes rbc's to be sickle shaped
- data
- the facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observation
- mechanical digestion
- digestion where movement occurs (chewing)
- metaphase
- chromosomes line up in the center of the cell, centrioles are on opposite sides, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
- nucleus
- the brain of the cell
- sphygmomanometer
- a machine that measures blood pressure
- What are the three types of muscle tissue?
- skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
- hyphae
- branching threadlike tubes that make up the bodys of multicellular fungi
- spongy bone
- a part of the bone which looks like a sponge but is actually very strong
- atherosclerosis
- a condition in which the artery wall thickens as a result of the build up of fatty materials
- absolute dating
- allows scientists to determine the actual age of fossils
- What chemicals are required for photosynthesis?
- H2O, CO2 and Sunlight
- Nucleic Acids
- very large molecules that contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all functions of life
- veins
- blood vessels that carrie oxygen poor blood towards the heart, one exception pulminary vein
- intraspecific competition
- competition within a species
- gallbladder
- the organ that stores bile
- quantitative observation
- using numbers to describe an object
- hydrochloric acid
- a very strong acid found in the stomach (HCL)
- cell theory
- all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, all cells are produced from other cells
- sporophyte
- the stage in the life cycle of the plant in which the plant produces spores
- Scientific inquiry
- a process used every day by people studying plants and animals also used by physicians and many others
- auxin
- a hormone that speeds up the rate which a plant's cells grow
- dermis
- the layer of the skin that contains blood vessels nerve tissues, oil glands, sweat glands etc.
- How many types of angiosperms are there?
- there are two types monocot and dicot
- lymph
- the fluid inside the lymphatic system
- voluntary muscles
- muscles that are under your conscience control
- embryo
- the young plant that develops from the zygote
- prophase
- centrioles move to opposite sides of cell, nuclear membrane breaks down, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, spindle fibers form
- stomata
- small openings on the bottoms of leaves
- osmosis
- the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- What are the four types of tissue found in the human body?
- muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue
- aminocentesis
- a process where a long needle is put into the fluid around a developing baby to see if the baby will have any genetic disorders
- blood pressure
- the pressure that blood exerts over the walls of blood vessels
- What major functions does the skin perform in the body?
- cover the body, prevents loss of water, protects the body from injury and infection, regulates body temperature, eliminates waste, gathers information about the enviroment and produces vitamin D
- lichen
- consist of a fugus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live in a mutualistic relationship
- cartilage
- a connective tissue that is like bone but more flexible
- vena cova
- the body's largest vein
- chemical digestion
- when chemicals break down food molecules
- interspecific competition
- competion between different species
- magnification
- the ability to make things look largeer than they are
- Scientific theory
- a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
- diaphragm
- a large dome-shaped muscle that plays an important rule in breathing
- transpiration
- the process in which water evaporates from a plants leaves
- marrow
- a soft connective tissue found in bones that produces blood cells
- filament
- the thin stalk that holds up the anther
- hypocotyl
- forms the stem and the roots
- Eukaryotes
- cells who have a nucleus
- What are the five major functions of your skeleton?
- provides shape and support, enables movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells and stores minerals
- bronchitis
- irritation of breathing passages in which the small passages become narrower than usual and may be clogged with mucus
- lungs
- the main organs of the respiratory system
- lysogenic cycle
- the cycle in which the virus is hidden
- Analogous Structures
- similar in function but not structure
- meiosis
- when the cells divide in order to form sex cells (eggs and sperm)
- taxonomy
- the scientific study of how living things are classified
- gametophyte
- the stage in the life cycle of the plant in which the plant produces sex cells or gametes
- root cap
- a hard tip that protects the root from injury
- pores
- tiny openings in the epidermis
- hilum
- the scar on a seed coat at the location where it was attached to the plants stalk during development
- ureters
- two narrow tubes in which urine flows through as it exits the kidneys
- chromosome theory of inheritance
- according to this theory genes are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes
- vocal cords
- folds of connective tissue that produce your voice
- force
- a push or pull
- valve
- a flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing backwards
- What are the stages of urine formation?
- first both wastes and needed materials are removed from the blood then the needed materials are filtered out and returned to the blood stream
- lytic cycle
- the cycle in which the virus is active
- hemophilia
- a genetic disorder in which a person's blood clot very slowly or not at all
- peat
- layers of dead moss in a bog that are compressed
- purebred
- an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent
- parasite
- organisms or viruses that feed of a host
- carbohydrate
- an energy rich compund made of carbon and hydrogen
- unicellular
- having only one cell
- cell wall
- the rigid layer of non-living material the surronds the cells of plants and some other organisms
- Can muscle cells extend?
- no they can only contract and relax
- types of roots
- two types: fibrous and taproots
- rennin
- curdles milk
- urea
- a chemical that comes from the break down of proteins
- protist
- the "junk drawer kingdom" all protists are eukaryotes and live in mois surrondings
- What are the six kingdoms?
- Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
- alleles
- the different forms of a gene
- cilia
- hairlike projections that move in a wavelike fashion in order to move the cell
- Why do Biologists use classification?
- to organize organisms into groups to make them easier to study andd identify
- classification
- the process of grouping things based on their similarities
- Cellular Respiration
- when cells withdraw energy from glucose
- plasma
- 10% dissolved materials and 90% water
- Lamarck
- came up with the theory of use and disuse
- coronary arteries
- the first arteries that branch off the aorta
- transfer RNA
- carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein
- excretion
- the removal process of the body's wastes
- dominant allele
- an allele whose trait always shows up in an organism if the allele is present
- punctuated equilibria
- the theory that evolution occurs in short periods of rapid change
- bacteriophage
- a virus that infects bacteria
- sexual reproduction
- involves two parents who combine there genetic infromation to form a new organism
- manipulated variable
- something that is changed to test your hypothesis
- Stimulus
- a change in an organisms surrondings which causes the organism to react
- extinct
- when no members of a species are still alive
- protein
- a large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and in some cases sulfur
- homeostasis
- the matinence of stable internal surrondings despite changes in the exterior enviroment
- Amino Acids
- the small molecules that make up proteins
- carrier
- a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele for the trait
- genetics
- the scientific study of heredity
- periosteum
- a membrane on the outside of a bone
- reproduce
- to produce offspring that is similar to the parents
- anaphase
- chromosomes split into chromatids
- pulminary artery
- the artery leading to the lungs from the heart
- organism
- anything living
- recessive allele
- the allele whose trait is masked when the dominant allele is present
- blood transfusion
- the transference of blood from one person to another
- maltase
- breaks down malt (barley)
- compound microscope
- a light microscope that has more than one lens
- Antibiotic
- a chemical that can kill bacteria without hurting an organisms own cells
- stamens
- male reproductive parts
- septum
- the wall of tissue in the middle of the heart which separates the two sides
- anylase
- breaks down starch
- chyme
- the white soupy substance that exits the stomach into the small intestine
- genome
- all the DNA in one cell of an organism
- evolution
- the gradual change ina species over time
- codon
- a three letter sequence that translates into a amino acid
- dicot
- an angiosperm with two cotyledons
- gametes
- sperm and egg cells
- What are the most important groups of organic compounds in a living thing?
- proteins, carohydrates,lipids and nucleic acids
- bryophyte
- simple plants ex: mosses, liverworts and hornworts
- gradulism
- the theory that evolution continues in a steady slow rate
- spore
- a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
- systemic circulation
- circulation through the body cells
- ventricle
- the two lower chambers of the heart
- flagellum
- a long whiplike structure that helps bacteria move
- style
- the thin stalk that holds up the stigma
- What are the two basic parts of a virus?
- outer core that protects the virus and an inner core that contains genetic material
- plumule
- the shoot of an embryo
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- a network of passageways that moves materials from one part of a cell to another; two types smooth and rough; rough is coated with ribosomes and smooth is not
- What is the leaves purpose in a plant?
- they capture the suns energy and carry out the food making process of photosynthesis
- mucus
- a thick slippery substance produced by the body
- immovable joints
- a joint where bones are connected in a way that allows little or no movement
- traits
- different physical characteristics
- egg
- female sex cell
- fibrin
- a chemical produced by platelets that make scabs over cuts
- What is a stems function?
- it carries substances from the roots to the leaves and hold the plant up, it also holds the leaves up for photosynthesis
- tissue
- groups of similar cells that perform specific functions within the organism
- transcription
- changing DNA into RNA
- gliding joint
- a joint that allows one bone to slide over the other
- genetic disorders
- an abnormal condition that a person inherits from a gene or chromosome
- respiration
- the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside of cells
- karyotype
- a picture of the chromosomes in a cell
- sex linked traits
- traits controlled by sex linked genes
- convex lens
- a lens in which the center is thicker than the edges
- pulminary circulation
- circulation through the lungs
- infectious diseases
- illnesses that pass from one organism to another
- tissue
- a group of simlar cells that perform a specific function
- fermentation
- an energy releasing process that does not require oxygen
- fossil record
- the millions of fossils that scientists have collected
- cell
- the basic unit of structure and function in an organism
- punnett square
- a chart that shows all the possiblle combinations of a genetic cross
- probability
- the likeliness that a certain event will occur
- bile
- a substance that breaks up fat particles (emulsifyer)
- saliva
- the fluid released when your mouth waters from your salivary gland
- hormone
- a chemical that affects how the plant grows and develops
- RNA
- also known as Ribonucleic acid they play an important role in the production of proteins, they are also found in the cytoplasm of a cell around the nucleas
- monocot
- an angiosperm with only one cotyledon
- pollination
- when grains of pollen fall on the stigma
- Molecule
- the smallest unit of most compunds
- Where does blood travel as it leaves the heart?
- it travels through arteries
- fossil
- preserved remains of or traces of an organism that lived in the past
- Centriole
- tiny string like structures that split the cell during division
- variable
- something that causes a change in an experiment
- Connective Tissue
- provides support for your body and connects all of its parts
- epidermis
- the outer most layer of the skin
- tap root
- on thick main root a carrot is this type of root
- germination
- the early growth stage of the embryo
- codominance
- alleles are neither dominant or recessive as a result neither allele is masked
- chromosome
- a doubled rod of chromatin
- capillaries
- tiny blood vessels where materials are exchanged between the body cells and blood stream
- petals
- the leaflike structures which are used to attract insects
- pleura
- the moist membrane surronding the lungs
- autotroph
- an organism that makes its own food
- organ
- a structure that is composed of different tissues and is necessary for life
- self-pollination
- a plant pollinating itself
- marrow
- a connective tissue found inside of the bone and produces rbc's and wbc's
- charles darwin
- came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection and wrote " The origin of species"
- arteries
- blood vessels that carrie oxygen rich blood away from the heart, one exception pulminary artery
- mitochondria
- they produce the energy for non-plant cells
- Emphysema
- a serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes difficulty to breath
- use and disuse
- the theory that if an organism uses something that it will stay over generations but if the organism doesn't use something that it will disapear over generations
- The pathway of blood
- left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body cells, vena cova, right atrium, right ventricle, pulminary artery, blood vessels in lungs, pulminary vein and then back to the left atrium
- sex cells
- go through meiosis have 12 chromosomes
- diffusion
- is the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
- bacillus
- the rod shped forms of bacteria
- Enzyme
- a type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a living thing
- cell membrane
- in cells with cell walls it is right inside of the cell wall but for cells without the cell wall it is the outermost structure of the cell it also controls what comes in and goes out of the cell
- Nerve tissue
- carries messages back and forth between your brain and every other part of the body
- cuticle
- waxy water proof layer that covers the leaves of most plants
- ribosome
- protein factories
- Observation
- using your senses to study something carefully
- chromatid
- an identical rod or strand of the chromosome
- respiratory system
- moves oxygen from the outside of the body to the inside also removes CO2 and H20 from the body
- homeostasis
- the matinence of stable internal conditions despite any schanges in the surrondings
- virus
- a small non-living particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell
- nitrogen base pairs
- their order specifies which protein will be produced
- How do viruses multiply
- viruses genetic material takes over the cell's functions then the virus tells the cell to produce the virus
- species
- a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
- auricles
- the two ear-like flaps of either side of the heart
- cytoplasm
- the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
- What are the four components of blood
- plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- gene therapy
- the use of genetic engeneering to correct some genetic disorders
- Do cells need water for most chemical reactions?
- yes
- What are the three important stimuli to which plants respond?
- touch, light and gravity
- budding
- when small yeast cells grow from the body of a large parent cell and then break off
- photosynthesis
- the process by which the cell absorbs enrgy from the sun a turns it into food
- chlorophyll
- the green pigment found in the leaves of a plant
- half-life
- the time it takes for half the radioactive elements to decay
- nephrons
- tiny filtering factories found in the kidneys
- seed parts
- embryo, stored food, and a seed coat
- lipid
- contains more enegy then carbohydrates and can be stored as fats
- pepsin
- breaks down proteins in the stomach
- follicles
- where strands of hair grow in the dermis
- replication
- the process when the cell makes a copy of its DNA in its nucleus
- transport by engulfing
- when a cell changes its shape and engulf a food particle
- cocci
- the dot shped form of bacteria
- preserved remains
- remains of an organism that have been preserved
- organelles
- tiny structures within the cell which each carry out a specific function within the cell
- Are viruses living?
- no
- vascular tissue
- an internal system of tubes that transport substances within the plant, it also helps with support
- Organic Compound
- any compound that contains carbon
- urinary bladder
- the sac-like muscular organ that stores urine
- nuclear membrane
- a membrane on the outside of the nucleus that protects theh nucleus
- tropism
- a plant's growth response toward (positive) or away from (negative)
- sucrose
- breaks down complex sugars
- active virus
- a virus that is active as soon as it enters the cell
- incomplete dominance
- when 2 dominant alleles influence a phenotype
- Golgi bodies
- package and ship proteins
- Scientific method
- a step by step process scientists use to solve problems
- skeletal muscle
- muscles attached to your skeleton
- radioactive elements
- unstable elements that decay or break down into different elements
- clone
- an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced
- Science
- a way of learning about the natural world; knowledge gained through the process of exploring the natural world
- enzyme
- a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body
- kidney
- major organs of the excretory system and they eliminate urea, excess water and some other waste materials
- conjugation
- when one bacterial cell transfers some of its genetic material to another cell
- genus
- the first part of an organisms scientific name (species is the second part)
- Simple Plants
- non-vascular, very short,produce by spores, don't need soil, wet enviroments
- Homologous structures
- similar in postition and structure but not necessarily in function
- lymphatic system
- aa network of veinlike vessels tht returns extra fluid from the blood stream that the cells did not use back to the blood stream
- larynx
- voice box
- heredity
- the passing of traits from parents to offspring
- stomata
- tiny openings or pores on the underside of a leaf
- cardiac muscle
- involuntary striated muscles that is only found in the heart
- fungi
- are eukaryotes, use spores to reproduce, and are heterotrophs that feed in a similar way
- large intestine
- the last part of the digestive system it absorbs water
- heterozygous
- an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
- Atom
- the smallest unit of an element
- Natural Selection
- the process by which individuals that are better adapted to the enviroment are more likely to survive and reproduce
- adaption
- a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
- algae
- the common name for a plant-like protist
- woody stem
- hard stems, maple trees have this type of stem
- cross-polination
- pollen being brought in from one plant to a completely different plant
- seed
- structures that contain young plants inside a protective covering
- somatic cells
- body cells go through mitosis have 24 chromosomes
- sepals
- protect the developing flower (bud)
- pigments
- chemicals that produce colors
- cotyledons
- the seed leave in which food is stored
- vascular plants
- plants that have vascular tissue
- genotype
- the genetic makeup or allele combinations of an organism
- messenger RNA
- copies the coded message from the DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm
- epiglottis
- the flap of tissue that seals off your windpipe during swallowing
- phloem
- the vascular tissue that food moves through
- hemoglobin
- in the rbc's and picks up oxygen in the lungs and releases it in an appropriate place
- anus
- where waste exits the body
- pistils
- female reproductive parts
- mutualism
- a form of symbiosis in which both partners benefit
- sperm
- male sex cell
- mold
- a hollow spce in shape of an organism or part of an organism
- lymph nodes
- knobs of tissue in the lymphatic system that lymph passes through
- What does the excretory system do?
- the system that collects and disposes of the body's wastes
- cancer
- a disease where some body cells divide uncontrollably
- peristalsis
- the involuntary waves of muscle contractions that push food down the esophagus
- peptidose
- breaks down proteins in small intestine
- How are fungi and Fungus-like protists alike?
- they are heterotrophs, have cell walls and use spores to reproduce they are different in the way that all fungus-like protists are able to move in some point of there life
- absorption
- the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood stream
- stalk
- the tree trunk like part of a mushroom
- multiple alleles
- three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait
- smooth muscles
- involuntary muscles found in organs like the esophagus and the stomach
- marker molecules
- determine what type of blood you have
- pivot joint
- a joint that allows one bone to rotate around the other
- herbacious stems
- soft stems, dandelions have this type of stem
- Inorganic Compound
- any compound that does not contain carbon
- tendons
- a strong connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
- Fossil
- traces of ancient organisms that have been preserved in rock or other substances
- mosses
- low growing bryophytes
- responding variable
- a factor that changes because of the manipulated variable
- taxonomic key
- a series of paired statements that describw the physical characteristics of different organisms
- bolus
- the ball like shape that exits your mouth and goes down your esophagus
- What are the levels of organization in the human body?
- cells, tissues, organs, organ system and organism
- Who is more likely to have a sex realted trait?
- a male because he only has one x chromosome
- translating
- taking messenger RNA and changing it into Amino Acids
- phenotype
- an organisms physical appearence
- Muscle Tissue
- makes your body move by contracting and relaxing
- urethra
- the small tube in which urine flows from the body
- Sex linked genes
- genes of the x and y chromosomes
- osteoporosis
- a condition in which the bodys bones become weak and break easily
- bronchi
- the passages that direct air into the lungs
- micropyle
- the small pore in the seed that allows water absorbtion
- pulimanary vein
- the vein leading away from the lungs back to the heart
- hybridization
- breeders cross two genetically different individuals
- endospore
- a small, rounded, thick walled cell that is in a bacterial cell and contains the bacteria's genetic information and some of its cytoplasm
- mitosis
- the stage in the cell cycle when the cell divides
- stress
- the reaction of your body and mind to threatening, challenging, or disturbing events
- cast
- a copy of the shape of the organism that made the mold
- inbreeding
- crossing two individuals that have identical or similar sets of alleles
- control
- the part of the experiment which remains the same and is used as a comparison
- Spontaneous Generation
- the mistaken idea that living things arise from non-living sources
- selectively permeable
- something that some substances can pass through while others cannot
- pedigree
- a chart that shows which members of a family have a specific trait
- decomposers
- break down large chemicals in dead organisms into smaller chemicals
- stigma
- tip of pistil
- heart
- a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood around the body
- homozygous
- an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
- What are the three main sources of evidence in evolution
- 1. homologous structures 2. similarities in DNA 3. Similarities in early development
- embryo
- the young plant that develops from the zygote
- liver
- a large organ where bile is produced and alchohol and medicines are broken down
- symbiosis
- a close relationship between two species in which one partner benefits
- involuntary muscles
- muscles that are not under your conscious control
- Needs of living things
- must satisfy there basic needs for energy, water, living space and stable internal conditions
- pericardium
- the moist membrane around the heart which helps it retain its shape
- rhizoids
- small root-like structures that anchor moss
- Red blood cells
- take up oxygen in the lungs and deliver it to another part of the body
- bacteria
- prokaryotic cells that can be positive or negative towards an organism
- gastric juice
- the juice found in the stomach and is made up of: rennin, pepsin and HCL
- contractile vacuole
- a structure that collects extra water and expells it from the cell
- pigments
- colored chemical compounds that absorb light
- aorta
- the largest artery in the body
- bog
- a very acidic wetland
- Why do some traits show a wide variety of phenotypes?
- because the trait is controlled by many genes
- passive transport
- the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy
- angiosperm characteristics
- they produce flowers and fruits
- lactase
- breaks down dairy products
- fertilization
- when the pollen tube is formed and sperm goes down the tude and fertilizes an egg
- inference
- an interpretation of an observation that is based on evidence or prior knowledge
- genetic engineering
- a technique for producing organism with a desired trait
- hinge joint
- a joint that allows backward and forward movement
- pharynx
- throat
- pacemaker
- a group of cells located in the right atrium which sends out electrical impulses to make the heart beat
- fibrous root
- branching roots like in a tree
- mutation
- any change that occurs in a gene or chromosome
- protozoans
- an animal like protist
- Epitelial Tissue
- covers the surfaces of your body inside and out
- seed coat
- the protective covering of a seed
- binary fission
- the process when a bacterial cell divides into two cells
- What happens after air enters the alveoli?
- O2 passes from the alveoli into the capillaries, and CO2 and H2O pass into the alveoli
- Element
- any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substancess
- multicellular
- having more than one cell
- selective breeding
- the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as the parents for the next generation
- hybrids
- organism that has both recessive and dominant alleles but only the dominant one is shown
- Development
- the process that occurs in the organisms life to produce a more complex organism
- atrium
- the two upper chambers of the heart
- respiration equation
- Glucose+Oxygen=Carbon dioxide+water+energy
- active transport
- the movement of substances through a cell membrane that requires energy
- ligaments
- connect bone to bone
- ovary
- the protective vessel where the seed develops
- Complex Plants
- flower/seeds/pollen, trees/shrubs, Vascular tissue, tall
- qualitative observation
- using words to describe an object (ex. color, shape)
- vertabrae
- the bones that make up your backbone
- Variation
- any difference between individuals of the same species
- rectum
- where waste material is compressed into its solid form
- Characteristics of seedless vascular plants
- have vascular tissue and use spores to reproduce
- protein synthesis
- the building of proteins
- characteristics of seed plants
- have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce
- controlled experiment
- when a scientist carries out two experiments that are identical except for one factor
- xylem
- the vascular tissue that water and nutrients move through
- stomach
- a muscular pouch in your abdomen that breaks down food into chyme
- esophagus
- a muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach
- angiosperm
- a plant that produces seeds that are inclosed in a fruit
- organ system
- a group of organs performing a major function
- villi
- the millions of finger like projections that line the small intestine and absorb nutrients
- ovule
- female gamete
- lipase
- breaks down fat (enzyme)
- fruit
- the structure that the ovary eventually changes into
- Intermediate Plants
- simple vascular tissue, mid size, use spores
- epicotyl
- forms the first leaves of the developing embryo
- Steps of the scientific method
- 1.Problem 2.Research 3.Hypothesis 4.Design and carry out experiment 5.Collect data and take observations 6. Write a Conclusion
- parts of an experiment
- variable and control
- What are the seven levels of classification?
- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- flower
- the reproductive structure for an angiosperm
- annual rings
- rings found in the trunk of a tree caused by the xylems growing pattern, one is formed each year
- host
- a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism
- What is a roots function?
- anchor a plant in the ground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil
- White blood cells
- the body's disease fighters
- Petrified Fossils
- fossils in which minerals gradually replce the remains
- What do bacteria do in the living world?
- the are involved in the food and fuel production as well as in enviromental recycling and cleanup
- chromatin
- thin strands of DNA that tell the nucleus what to do
- What do plants need to survive on land?
- be able to obtain water and other materials, retain water, transport materials inside themself, support their bodies,reproduce succesfully
- radicle
- the very tip of the root
- Characteristics of living things
- composed of cells, perform complex chemical activities (breathing etc.), Ability to move, ability to reproduce, respond to stimuli, use energy
- hidden virus
- a virus that stays hidden for a certain period of time upon entering the cell
- Overproduction
- species produce far more offspring then can possibly survive
- alveoli
- tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood
- small intestine
- the part of the digestive system where absorption and chemical digestion takes place
- What are the five major functions of the digestive system?
- First it breaks down food into molecules the body can use, Then the molecules are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body
- anther
- top part of stamen often yellow
- What do fungi do in the living world?
- they decompose, provide food, and cause and fight diseases
- cystic fibrosis
- a genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines
- Prokaryotes
- cells who lack a nucleus
- spirullum
- the curly shped form of bacteria
- What is the pathway of air as it travels inside the mouth or nose?
- nose, pharynx, trachea and bronchi
- sporangia
- the tiny structures in which spores are produced
- spores
- a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism
- pseudopods
- an appendage attached to a protozoan that helps it move and obtain food
- digestion
- the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules is called digestion
- response
- an action or change in behavior
- hypertension
- high blood pressure
- relative dating
- comparing two fossils to see which one is older
- joint
- a place where two bones come together
- platelets
- cell fragments that play an important roll in forming blood clots
- calcified bone
- the part of the bone that stores calcium
- What are the three ways substances can move into or out of a cell?
- diffusion, osmosis and active transport
- ball and socket joint
- the joint that allows the most movement
- Compound
- when two or more elements combine chemically
- cardiovascular system
- carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells
- heart attack
- when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked
- binomial nomenclature
- the system of giving an organism a two part name (invented by Carolus Linnaeus)