Biology Midterm 2
continued
Terms
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- structure of the plasma membrane
- phospholipids, fibrous protein, pore protein, glycoprotein, and channel protein
- hypotonic solution
- when comparing at least two solutions, it the solution with the lesser concentration of solute
- quantitative data
- numbers involved
- nuclear envelope
- a double-membrane layer surrounding the nucleus
- cytoplasm
- the material inside the cell membrane, but not including the nucleus
- vacuole
- saclike structures where cells often store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
- types of endocytosis
- pinocytosis and phagocytosis
- hypertonic solution
- when comparing at least 2 solutions, it is the solution with the greater concentration of solute
- cell
- the basic unit of all forms of life
- (bilayer) hydrophobic ends
- tails
- concentration gradient
- how the particles are spaced
- cell surface marker proteins
- proteins in a cell that identify the cell as being that organism's cell
- SI unit of mass
- gram
- mitochondria
- use energy from food to make high-energy compounds that the cell can use to power growth, development, and movement
- chromosomes
- distinct, threadlike structures containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
- cell wall
- a strong layer around the cell membrane, supports and protects
- isotonic solution
- equal concentrations, inside and out
- cytoskeleton
- a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape, involved in many forms of cell movement
- active transport
- does require energy and goes against the concentration gradient
- endoplasmic reticulum
- an organelle in which components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
- endocytosis
- the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle
- microtubule
- hollow tubes of protein that help maintain shape and can also serve as tracks along which organelles are moved
- qualitative data
- no numbers involved
- organelle
- specialized structures that perform important cellular functions
- lysosome
- small organelles filled with enzymes
- (bilayer) hydrophilic end
- head of the phosphates
- cell membrane
- a thin flexible barrier around the cell. supports and protects
- golgi apparatus
- a stack of membranes where enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
- eukaryote
- cells that have a nuclei and usually have organelles
- receptor proteins
- receive information (in a chemical form) transmit information to interior of the cell
- cellular transport: head and tails
- phospholipid heads and fatty acid tails
- nucleus
- a large structure that contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities
- chromatin
- granular material visible within the nucleus, DNA bound to protein
- kingdoms
- eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia
- SI unit of length
- meter
- facilitated diffusion
- molecules moving
- cell theory
- fundamental concept of biology. It states that: a. all living things are composed of cells, b. cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, c. new cells are produced from existing cells
- prokaryote
- cells that have cell membranes and cytoplasm but do not contain nuclei, all bacteria
- nucleolus
- small, dense region in the nuclei where the assembly of ribosomes begins
- domains
- bacteria, archaea, eukarya
- channel (transport) proteins
- proteins embedded in phosphate bi-layer that allow material to enter and exit the cell
- microfilament
- long thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell
- pinocytosis
- ") the transporting of fluid into a cell by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is taken to the interior of the cytoplasm
- SI unit of volume
- liter
- ribosome
- small particles made of RNA and protein
- chloroplast
- use the energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules in photosynthesis
- exocytosis
- the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane
- bulk transport
- (types are endocytosis and exocytosis) taking huge molecules or big pieces of food into or out of the cell
- passive transport
- does not require energy
- phagocytosis
- taking in large, usually solid particles