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condensation: proteins are formed through _____ reactions between long strings of amino acids
An unsaturated fatty acid has a double bond in between the H carbon chain: what is the difference between an unsaturated and saturated fatty acid
ribosomes: site of protein synthesis; portions of these are made in the nucleolus
lipids: large, structurally diverse, non-polar, hydrophobic.
polysaccharides: _____ are complex carbs
anabolic: when large molecules are synthesized (condensation synthesis/endergonic).
monosaccharides: what are the monomers for the carbohydrate class?
energy: Carbohydrates are short term ___ storage molecules
third (tertiary) structure: 3D shapes the molecules assume as a result of twisting, bending, and folding caused by various types of bonding between R groups
amylase; maltose: ____ is the enzyme released by the salivary glands that converts starch to ______
starch: glucose polymer used by plants to store readily availible energy; two forms - amylose and pectin (amylopectin).
glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin: What are the four most common polysaccharides?
Controlled experiment: Test only one variable at a time. All other variables are controlled (keep the same)
saturated: full of hydrogen and single bonds to carbon.
monosaccharide: glucose.
enzymes, support, hormones, transport, and defense.: functions of proteins.
temperature, ph, and salinity: three things that can be altered to denature a protein.
catabolic: when large molecules are broken down
pH: enzymes typically have an optical ____
polysaccharides: complex carbs.
glycogen: glucose polymer; used by ANIMALS to store readily available energy; stored in the liver; converted to glucose which can fuel the body for several hours
rough endoplasmic reticulum: endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes
sucrose: glucose + fructose.
condensation synthesis: Used to synthesize "polymers" (and water); When monomers join together; a hydroxal group (OH) is removed from one monomer and a hydrogen (H) is removed from another monomer; Water is produced and the monomers are free to bond to one another
exothermic: heat energy released.
metabolic pathways: a series of linked reactions in th cell; being with a particular reactant and terminate with a particular product.
cholesterol: a component of cell membranes; both good & bad
Ecosystem: a community and its non-living surroundings
photosynthesis: _____ in plants could not occur without enzymes
cellulose: glucose polymer; saturated polysaccharide for plants (component of cell wall); MOST ABUNDANT organic molecule on earth; humans lack the enzyme necessary to digest it; it provides humans with dietary fiber; some animals harbor microorganisms in their gut that enable them to digest it
8 essential amino acids: your body can't produce them, so you have to consume them
disaccharides: two monosaccharides joined together by condensation synthesis
condensation synthesis: ____ ___ forms a triglyceride
Single Blind Study: - the subjects are not aware of who the experimental group is or who the control group is
polar: is the phosphate group polar or non-polar?
chitin: glucose polymer with an amino acid attached to each glucose unit; can not digest it (similar to cellulose).
substrate to undergo a chemical reaction: when the enzyme recognizes its substrate it holds its companion in the correct orientation allowing the _________________
yes: Are sucrose and maltose isomers?
phospholipid: two fatty acids + one phosphate group + one glycerol = three waters and one __________.
Quantitative observations (data): Involve numbers; measurement: counting, mass, volume
Uses energy: How varies
Cells: the basic unit of all forms of life - ex. red and white blood
muscle cell components: actin and myocen
chitin: glucose polymer with an amino acid attacthed to each glucose unit; similar structure to cellulose, so humans can't digest it; major structural component of the exoskeleton of arthropods; found in the cell walls of fungi
organic compounds: Usually associated with living organisms
substrates: reactants in an enzymatic reaction.
changed: the compund is ______
carbon: __ to carbon bonding may result in long chains of varying lengths and shapes
polar: is the aldehyde group polar or non-polar?
Double Blind Study: the scientists applying the independent variable and the subject would not know who is in the experimental group or the control group.
nitrogenous base: nitrogen-containing base; base because it raises pH of a solution
Biosphere: area of Earth that supports life
cells: all living organisms are made up of 1 or more living building blocks called ____
Redi: 1668, Italian physician perform experiment in spontaneous generation. This was the first one using meat, jars and flies.
reactant; product: metabollic pathways begin with a particular ____ and terminate with a particular _____
disaccharide: sucrose.
phosphate group: what can be found in dna, rna, and atp?
fatty acids: the simplest lipid
polypeptide: polymers of monomers (amino acids)
condensation synthesis: what occurs when a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom are removed from seperate monomers and join together to form a water molecule, allowing the remainder two monomers to bond together?
oils: liquids at room temperature because of their molecular structures; made from unsaturated fatty acids.
enzymes: compounds that speed up chemical reactions in the cell.
fats: solids at room temperature because of their molecular structures; made from saturated fatty acids.
ATP (adensine triphosphate): energy molecule that the cell can use
Primary Structure: the simplest; unique sequencing of amino acids
eight: how mant essential amino acids are there?
nucleic acids: polymers of nucleotides; Associated with genetic information (usually)
polar: is the alcohol group polar or non-polar?
hydrophilic: dissolve in water.
unsaturated fatty acids: contain one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
metabolic pathways: a series of linked reactions in the cell
peptide: covalent bond between free carbon and nitrogen is a __________.
organic compounds: May be quite large with many atoms
hydrophilic: water loving
substrate concentration: as ____ ____ increases, so does the rate of the reaction until all sites on an enzyme are filled because enzyme concentration is constant
enzyme; substrate: it is the specific shape of the _____ that enables it to recognize its specific and complimentary _______
polar: is the amino group polar or non-polar?
aldehyde: carbohydrates contain ___ groups
responds to the enviroment: "irritability"
polar, water: carbohydrates are __ and dissolve in __
reactant: _____ = complimentary substrate
theory: a well tested hypothesis that organizes knowledge in a field; fits existing data; explains how processes are thought to occur; and successfully predicts further observation.
monosaccharide: _____ is a simple sugar
Virchow: ____ concluded that exisiting cells give rise to new cells
enzymes: chemicals that are essential to the chemical reactions of metabolism
(3) Carbon: what type of compound is glycerol?
nucleotides and phospholipids: where is the phosphate group found?
Dependent Variable: the variable that changes in response to the independent variable. (response of lawn to the root stimulator)
DNA: each chromosome is said to be a tightly wound strand of ____
nucleotides: what are the monomers for the nucleic acid group?
enzymes: reusable and particular to one substrate
protein: proteases are _____ hydrolyzing enzymes
deoxyribose: 5 carbon sugar
condensation synthesis: disaccharides are formed from 2 monosaccharides joined by ____ ___
chloroplasts and vacuoles: most plant cells contain two other organells absent in animal cells. what are they?
hydrolysis: what occurs when water is used to break the bonds of a polymer?
inorganic compounds: small number of atoms.
one: enzymes are specific to only ____ other compound (substrate)
steroids: carbon skeletons consisting of four fused rings; insoluble in water; foundation of many important biological molecules like hormones
C(6)H(12)O(6): what is the empiracal formula for monosaccharides
20; amino: ___ different ____ acids in living things
oxygen: example of atom
anabolic: when large molecules are synthesized
nucleic acids: what are the polymers for the nucleic acid group?
hydrocarbon chains: what can be found in cooking oils?
genes: the DNA found in the nucleus contains coded messages called ____
prokaryotic or eukaryotic: all cells belong to two categories. what are the two groups?
metabolism: the sum of chemical reactions in a cell during growth and repair.
polysaccharides: what are the polymers for the carbohydrate class?
coupled reactions: exergonic reactions fuel endergonic reactions called therefore __________.
increases: as enzyme concentration __________, so does the rate of reaction until all sites on enzymes are filled; (substrate concentration).
Secondary structure: occurs when segments of a polypeptic coil or fold in a particular way
oils: liquid at room temperature because of molecular structures; made from unsaturated fatty acids
catalysts: enzymes are biological ______
non-polar: is the hydrocarbon chain group polar or non-polar?
transports: hemoglobin in blood (RBCs) ___ oxygen throughout the body
enzyme concentration: as ____ ____ increases, so does the rate of reaction until the substrate is used up
alcohols like glycerol: where is the alcohol group found?
nuclear envelope: double membrane boundary surrounding the nucleus; contains pores; helps to regulate what enters and leaves the nucleus
cellulose: glucose polymer; structural polysaccharide for plants (component of cell wall in plants); humans can not digest (lack the enzyme); provides humans with dietary fiber.
4: there are _ types of nucleotides in DNA & RNA
3, 3: glycerol is a _ carbon compound with _ hydroxyl groups
trans fatty acids are the same as unsaturated fatty acids, just altered a bit: what is a trans fatty acid?
Independent Variable: deliberately manipulated by the experimenter. (add root stimulator to make grass grow)
coenzymes: _____ help enzymes if they are needed
waterproof: waxes are highly ___
nucleus; activities: the ____ is often referred to as the control center of all the nuclear _____ essential to life
Control Group: standard of comparison standard against which the result of an experiment are compared. = Untreated sample; or sample treated in the usual way.
endergonic: requires energy.
cell wall: helps plant cells maintain its shape; support tough "fibrous" polymer (cellulose)- only in plants
disaccharide: maltose.
carbohydrates: sugars and starches (short-term energy storage).
amino acids: where is the amino group found?
carbohydrates: carbohydrases are ______ hydrolyzing enzymes
fats: solid at room temperature because of molecular structure; made from saturated fatty acids
pentose sugar: 5 cabon sugar
mono=one; saccharide= sugar: what does monosaccharide stand for?
proteins: Enzymes are giant natural _____
catabolic: when large molecules are broken down (hydrolysis/exergonic).
endothermic: requires heat energy.
sugar: where is the aldehyde group found?
support: fibrous ____ of body parts
sucrase; substrate: enzymes such as _____ are named after the _____ they operate on and are generally given the suffx "ase"
Population/Community: A groups of organisms that live together
inorganic compounds: Always contain a small number of atoms
temperature, ph, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, enzyme co-factors and enzyme inhibitors: factors that affect the rate of enzymatic reactions.
Evolutionary adaptations: traits passed on - changes that occur in a species over long periods of time.
a group of organisms of one type that live together (usu. in a defined area): population/community
Pasteur: 1814 French scientist who performed an experiment on spontaneous generation. His used a special flask that would only let air and no dust in. single blind/double blind studies
coating, cuticle: in plants, waxes form a protective __ on leaves (upper part) to prevent them from drying out; called the ___
alcohol group: what can be found in rubbing alcohol?
a group of organs that work together to form closley related functions: organ system
functional groups: are characteristic atoms other than those involved in carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
denaturation: altering the configuration/ "shape" of the proteins
proteins: composed of one or more polypeptides
amino group: what can be found in tendons, proteins, and enzymes?
all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of all living organisms; all cells arise from pre-existing cells: what does the cell theory state?
four: how many bonds can carbon form?
complex: enzymes have very _____ structures
increases, increases: as temperature __________, enzyme activity __________ up to a point when denaturation occurs.
3, 7: carbohydrates are molecules with a carbon skeleton between _-_ carbon atoms
golgi body: membranous sac; complex organelle; where molecules made in other parts of the cell are modified, sorted, and packaged for export
polymers: polysaccharides are long ___ of monosaccharides
dna: the molecule that stores genetic info regarding its own replication and the order in which amino acids are to be joined in the synthesis of proteins.
vacuole: helps plants support heavy structures; sac of fluid; holds stored food, pigments, and other products; sacs made of membrane- only in plants
waxes: type of structural lipid; long fatty acids chain bonded to long alcohol chain; highly waterproof; in plants and animals.
amylase; starch: saliva contains ____ which breaks down _____
Experimental Group: Group being tested
cytoplasm: the _____ is a highly complex solution composed of water, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
exergonix and exothermic: hydrolysis.
1665: cells were first discovered in _____by Robert Hooke
enzymes: virtually all chemical reactions in the body are catalyzed by _____
earth's surface and some of atmosphere is an example of a _____________: biosphere
Triglycerides: fats and oils
substrate: reactants in an enzyme reaction
twenty: how many amino acids are there?
Universal Genetic Code: chemical that stores and reproduces all "knowledge" about an organism
phospholipids: similar to fats except that one or two of the fatty acids are replaced by a phosphate group which is usually linked to a nitrogen-containing group.
temperature: as _____ increases, enzyme activity increases up to a point when denaturation occurs
aldehyde group: what can be found in table sugar?
carbon: Usually carbon bonds to O, H, N, or other __ atoms
ear wax: in animals, _ _ protects middle ear from microorganisms
acidic: - carboxyl group is the ___ part of the molecule (ionizes to release hydrogen)
very complex molecules: what are the polymers and monomers for the lipids group?
an individual living thing: organism
hydrophobic: water disliking
a substance formed by chemical combination (bonding)of 2 or more elemnts in definite proportions: compound
transfats: come from transfatty acids; fatty acids man-made; unsaturated fatty acid molecule are altered structurally.
nucleolus: center of nucleus; area of nucleus where parts of ribosomes are made
one: how many bonds can hydrogen form?
enzymes; changed: _____ have the ability to change other compounds without being _____ itself
the parts of the earth that contain all living things: biosphere
monosaccharides: simple sugar
inorganic compounds: constitute non-living matter.
nuclear membrane: the nucleus is surrounded by the _____
organic molecules: always contain hydrogen and carbon.
Growth and Development: "creating new material"
condensation synthesis: polysaccharides are long polymers joined by _____ ___
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen: Lipids contain mostly __ and ___ with small amounts of ___, sometimes also nitrogen and phosphorus.
mitochondrion: produces ATP (energy molecule of the cell), cellular respiration takes place, O(2) used to break down glucose
Needham: He was a 1700s scientist who performed an experiment on spontaneous generation. He boiled flasks of gravy and saw that there were animalcules in it and believed in spontaneous generation
enzymes: _____ are globular (tertiary) proteins
metabolism: sum of chemical reactions in a cell during growth and repair
lipids: nonpolar; organic compounds; hydrophobic
polar: is the carboxyl group polar or non-polar?
a carbon atom bonded to a H and 3 additional groups: a structure of an amino acid always includes...
specialized structure that preforms specialized functions in the cell: organelle
glycogen: glucose polymer used by animals to store readily availible energy; converted to glucose which can fuel your body for hours; stored in the liver.
what are the 8 major characteristics of life?: order, ability to reproduce, universal genetic code, growth and development, uses energy, responds to the enviornment, homeostasis, evaloutionary adaptations
glycerol: 3 carbon compound with 3 hydroxyl groups
empiracal formula: a simple way of representing a molecule
cytoplasmic streaming: in large plant cells, the motion of the cytoplasm is _____
energy: triglycerides have long term ___ storage molecule (fat in animals: oil in plants)
brain, heart: ex. of organs
lactose: galactose + glucose.
fatty acid: simplest lipid
cytoplasm: the site to many chemical reactions essential to normal cell function
carbohydrates: short term energy storage molecules
pepsin; protein: gastric juice contains ____ which breaks down ____
hypothesis: an "educated guess" Formulated based on "inference" - making a prediction that will answer my problem or question. Sometimes stated in an if/then format, must be testable using a controlled experiment
triglycerides: long term energy storage molecules formed during condensation synthesis between 3 fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol
atom: the basic unit of matter - oxygen
Nitrogenous base: nitrogen-containing base. It's base because it raises pH of a solution
centrioles: composed of microtubules; involved in cell division not in plants
ability to reproduce: At the cellular level, actual reproduction, and at the molecular level (DNA)
cytoplasm: "cell fluid": contains water salts and organic molecules (including enzymes); this is where much of metabolism takes place
types of cells: most molecular organisms are made out of many different _____
Homeostasis: Balance "The ability to maintain a stable internal environment
Amino acids; peptide bonds: Enzymes are composed of long chains of ______ linked together by _____
RNA: directs the building of proteins based on instructions encoded in DNA
organic molecules: always covalent bonding.
the basic unit of all forms of life: cell
antibodies: defense.
carboxyl group: what can be found in fats, oils, and hair?
maltose: glucose + glucose.
unsaturated: one or more double bonds in molecules, therefore less hydrogen.
H bonds, covalent bonds, and ionic bonds: what are three types of bonds that contribute to the tertiary (3rd) structure
DNA: molecule that stores genetic information regarding its own replication and the order in which amino acids are to be joined in the synthesis of proteins
molecules; bonding: the substrate is broken down into new _____ by the enzyme, with different shapes that now escape the _____
Schwann: ____ concluded that all animals are made out of cells
inorganic compounds: associated with non-living matter.
exergonic: energy released.
organic molecules: large with many atoms.
enzymes: ____ significantly lower activation energy
inorganic compounds: Usually contain positive and negative ions
fats: solid at room temperature becasue of molecular structures; mad from saturated fatty acids
phosphate: attached to one end of the 5-C sugar (maybe greater than 1 phosphate group like ATP)
alpha helix and beta sheet: 2 types of the secondary structure which are often a result of hydrogen bonds
inorganic compounds: Usually ionic bonding
cilia: short, thread-like projections that are usually used for locomotion, or to move something past the cell (microtubule)
polar: what will always dissolve in water?
protons, electrons, and neutrons: Subatomic particle
RNA: directs the building of proteins based on instructions encoded in the DNA
twelve: how many non-essential amino acids are there?
polymers: Long chains of unit molecules are called
steroids: differ from all other lipids in structure; carbon skeleton with four fused rings; insoluble (non-polar; hydrophobic) in water; foundation of many impoartant biological molecules such as hormones.
polypeptides: what are the polymers for the protein class?
endergonic and endothermic: condensation synthesis.
macromolecule: a large polymer
enzyme: the ____ does not change after the reaction
cytoplasm, neucleus: example of an organelle
join: enzymes can also ____ compounds together to form new compounds
two: how many bonds can oxygen form?
organic compounds: Always covalent bonding
starch and glycogen: two important polysaccharides
12 non-essential amino acids: you still NEED these, but your body can produce them
amino group; carboxyl group: all amino acids have a(n) _______ at one end and a(n) _____ at the other end.
produce grow and reproduce: most living organisms use the same type of living molecules to _________
condensation synthesis: to form a triglyceride
starch: glucose polymer; used by PLANTS to store readily available energy; there are 2 forms: amylose and pectin
Controlled Variables: variables in the experiment that the experimenter keeps the same.
polar, hydrocarbon: carboxyl group is also __ and so it will dissolve in water; remainder = ____ chain which will not dissolve in water
active site: each enzyme has an ____ which actively engages other compunds to cause a reaction
triglyceride: three fatty acids + one glycerol = three waters and one __________.
in yeast: enzyme means _______
Organ System: a group of organs working together to from closely related functions - ex. nervous system
monosaccharide: fructose.
lysosome: membranous sac containing digestive enzymes
complimentary: when the enzyme finds its _____ compound they fit together and a reaction takes place
antibodies: defense
monosaccharides: simple sugars.
lipids; lipase: ______ helps break down lipids into _____
hydrolysis: when water is added to a polymer, the reverse of condensation synthesis occurs. Water (H2O) is broken down into a hydroxal group (OH) and an H
amino acids: what are the monomers for the protein class?
the basic unit of meter: atom
nucleic acids: polymers of nucleotides.
R group: amino acids differ according to their ____
nerve cells, brain cells, skin cells, etc.: ex. of cells
cell membrane: (plasma membrane) covers the outside of the cell; controls what enters and leaves; phopholipid bilayer that is embedded with proteins
high-quality/ complete: proteins that contain the 8 essential amino acids
amino: r group + amino group + carboxyl group + central carbon + extra h = __________.
carboxyl group: acidic part of the molecule, polar and will dissolve in water
peroxisome: organelle that contains catalase or some other oxidative enzyme; very numerous in the liver
trans-fatty acids: fatty acids that are man-made; unsaturated fatty acid molecules are altered structurally
waxes: a type of structural lipid; consist of a long fatty acid chain bonded to a long alcohol chain; highly waterproof
cytoskeleton: extends throughout the cell providing structure and a framework; made out of fibers that extend through the cell membrane; microtubes and microfilaments
DNA: molecule that stores genetic information regarding its own replication and the order in which amino acids are to be joined in the synthesis of proteins
sucrase; glucose and fructose: _____ helps convert sucrose into _____ and _____
a group of similar that preform a specific function: tissue
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids: There are 4 classes of organic compounds:
cell wall: plant cells differ from animal cells because they have a ____
transfers: come from trans-fatty acid
organ: a group of tissues that work together to fprefrom highly specialized functions - ex. brain
2:1: What is the ratio from hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in glucose and fructose?
small molecules: in the small intestine enzymes break down foods into _______ that can be absorbed by the small intestine and used by the body
increases: as enzyme concentration __________, so does the rate of reaction until all substrate is used up; (enzyme concentration).
4; 4: there are ___ types of nucleotides in DNA and ___ types of RNA
amino acids: an enzymes shape is determined by the sequence of ______ in the protein chain
organic molecules: associated with living matter.
enzyme inhibitors: prevent an enzyme from combining with its substrate; poisons.
metabolism: catalism + anabolism
humans are an example of ______: an organism
genes: actually direct the cell, orchestrating which molecules to make
cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm: What are the three basic parts that all eukaryotic cells have?
phosphate: attached to one of the 5 carbon sugars
inorganic compounds: ionic bonding.
a group of tissues that work together to form highly specialized functions: organ
alcohol: waxes consist of a long fatty acid bonded to a long ___ chain
ph: enzymes typically have an optimal __________.
oils: liquid at room temperature because of molecular structure; made from unsaturated fatty acids
nuclear pore: holes; opening in nuclear envelope
tissue: a group of similar cells that preform a specific function - ex. skin
inorganic compounds: Often associated with nonliving matter
microvilli: short, stubby finger-like cell membrane => function in absortion
disaccharide: two monosacharides that underwent condensation synthesis.
unsaturated fatty acid: contain one or more double bond between the carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain
enzyme inhibitors: prevents an enzyme from combining with its substrate
Subatomic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons
hydrophobic: do not dissolve in water.
Order: All living organisms are made up of one or more cells, multicellular and unicellular
fatty acids and amino acids: where is the carboxyl group found?
4: Carbon can form _ covalent single bonds
ring: carbs take the form of a _ when dissolved in water
peptide bond: two amino acids = dipeptide + water.
flagellum: used for movement (microtubes)
Organism: A group of organ systems coming together - ex.humans
fatty acids and some amino acids: where are hydrocarbon chains found?
phospholipids: similar to fats except that one or two of the fatty acids are replaced by a phosphate group which is usually linked to a nitrogen-containing group
enzyme co-factors: many enzymes require an organic ion to function properly (vitamins and supplements)
Pentos sugar: 5 carbon sugar
isomers: molecules that share molecular formulas but differ in the way atoms are arranged.
amylose and pectin (amylopectin): the 2 forms of starch
disaccharide: 2 monosaccharides
carboxyl, hydrocarbon: fatty acids are - made up of a ___ group joined to a long ____ chain
the smallest unit of most compounds: molecule
substrate: _____is the term for any molecule the enzyme targets
disaccharide: lactose.
enzymes/catalysts: compunds that speed up reactions that occur in the cell
steroids: differ from other lipids in structure; carbon skeleton consisting of 4 fused rings; insoluble in water; foundation of many important biological molecules like hormones
R group: Each amino acid is distinguished by the particular ______ section of the molecule
endoplasmic reticulum: system of membranous tunnels and sacs that lies outside the nucleus and extends throughout interior of cell site where most of new cell membrane is produced
maltase; glucose: in the small intestine ____ released from the pancreas splits maltose into _____
condensation synthesis; glycerol: triglycerides are formed during ____ ___ between 3 fatty acids and one molecule of ___ (alcohol)
organic compounds: Always contain C and H
glycerol: three-carbon compound with three hydroxyl groups.
life, diseases: while cells can be a basis for ____, they also can be responsible for ____
yes: are glucose and fructose isomers?
monosaccharide: galactose.
molecule: the smallest unit of a compound - ex. h2o, water
nucleoplasm: fluid in nucleus
co-enzyme: sometimes a _____ is necessary to catalyze a reaction
glycogen, starch, cellulose, chitin: 4 most common polysaccharides in living things
activation energy: all chemical rection require ______ to boot reactants over the energy barrier
wax: a type of structural lipid
phospholipids: similar to fats except that one or sometimes two of the fatty acids are replaced by a phosphate group which is usually linked to a nitrogen containing group
isomers: molecules that share molecular formulas but differ in the way atoms are arranged
deoxyribose: 5 carbon sugar (d)
glycerol, phosphate, fatty acids: phospholipids are formed from condensation synthesis between 1 ___ and a __ group and two __ __
Schleiden: _____ concluded that all plants are made out of cells
phospholipids: Biological membranes are mostly composed of ____
Organelle: specialized structure that preforms important functions in the cell - ex. nucleus
a community and it's non-living surroundings (terrains, elevation): ecosystem
C(12)H(22)O(11): what is the empiracal formula for dissacharrides
triglycerides: long-term energy storage molecules; formed during condensation synthesis between three fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol (alcohol).
ATP: the energy molecule that the cell can use
chloroplast (plastid): site of photosynthesis; light energy from the sun in converted to chemical energy (glucose)- only in plants
function: shapes of cells provide a key to their ____
abnormal genes: there are thousands of diseases caused by ______
nucleotide: a molecular complex comprised of 3 types of molecules bonded together
fatty acids: simplest lipids; made up of carboxyl group joined to long hydrocarbon chains.
rna: directs the proteins based on instructions encoded in dna.
pond, title pool, coral reef, bacteria, robins: ex. of ecosystem
Qualitative observations (data): Not easily measured or counted (sensory)
polysaccharides: long polymers of monosaccharides joined together by condensation synthesis
lipids: non polar, organic compounds, hydrophobic; large structurally diverse groups of compounds

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