Sociology Chapter2
Terms
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- conceptual definition
- abstract concept explained in words
- hawthorne effect
- eople behave differently when they know they're being watched
- classical experimental design
- receives treatment
- quantitative
- collects and reports data in a numerical form
- validity
- measure truly reflects what you're studying
- non-random sampling
- no list of population exists
- blind study
- participants don't know what groups they're in
- steps for scientific method
- define problem, review literature, formulate hypothesis, develop research design (collect and analyze data), develop conclusion
- qualitative
- relies on what is seen in a natural setting rather then on statistical research
- when do you use random sampling?
- only when there's a complete list of population
- correlation
- change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable
- double blind study
- participants and researchers don't know what group
- casual relationships
- independent variable directly affects the dependent variable
- reliability
- produces consistent results such as intelligence
- simple random sampling
- must have a complete list of population, table of random numbers, old hat
- control group
- doesn't receive a treatment
- population
- everyone your research is about
- field research
- collect data by examining behavior and communication
- participation oberservation
- join a group for a period of time to understand how it operates
- dependant variable
- effect
- judgemental
- a type of non-random that uses stereotypes to find population
- variables
- categories of characteristics
- operational definition
- how the abstract concept will be measured
- multi-stage cluster
- no list can be obtained; break down population until you have a complete list
- systematic random sampling
- method to madness
- survey
- interview or questionnaire
- sample
- subset of the population
- independant variable
- cause
- scientific method
- a series of steps to ensure the objective and consistent research of problems.
- quota
- a type of non-random that allows you to set the quota yourself (stratified), such as this many females or this many republicans
- observation
- closely watch a group or community
- why use sampling?
- prevent bias
- hypothesis
- a statement of relationship between variables
- random sampling
- each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen to be in the sample.
- snowball
- a type of non-random sampling where you find one person then ask them to refer you to another person they know