Statistics
Terms
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- Continuous Variable
- A variable that can assume any numerical value over a certain interval or intervals
- Discrete variable
- A variable whose values are countable, can assume only certain values with no intermediate values
- Descriptive Statistics
- consists of methods for organizing, displaying, and describing data by using tables, graphs, and summary measures
- Statistics
- statistics is a group of methods used to collect, analyze, present, and interpret data and to make decisions
- variable
- is a characteristics under study that assumes different values for different elements
- Element or member
- is a specific subject or object (for example, a person, firm, item, state, or country) about which the information is collected
- Qualitative variables
- a variable that cannot assume a numerical value but can be classified into two or more nonnumeric catergories.
- Representative sample
- a sample that represents the characteristics of the population as closely as possible is called a representative sample
- Data set
- is a collection of observations on one or more variables
- Target Population
- a population consists of all elements individuals, items, or objects, whose characteristics are being studied. The population that is being studied is also called the target population
- Inferential Statistics
- consists of methods that use sample results to help make decisions or predictions about a population
- Census and Sample Survey
- A survey that includes every member of the population is called a census. The technique of collecting information from a portion of the population is called a sample survey
- Observation or measurement
- The value of a variable for an element
- Random sample
- A sample drawn in such a way that each element of the population has a chance of being selected is called a random sample. If all samples of the same size selected from a population have the same chance of being selected, we call it simple random sampling. Such a sample is called a simple random sample
- Time-series data
- Data collected on the same element for the same variable at different points in time or for different periods of time
- Quantitative variable
- A variable that can be measured numerically
- Sample
- A portion of the population selected for study is referred to as a sample
- Cross-sectioned data
- data collected on different elements at the same point in time or for the same period of time