Ch 16/19 Bio
Terms
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copy deck
- stasis
- period of slow large-scale change
- pseudogenes
- copies of nearly identical DNA sequences that no longer function- not subjected to natural selection
- paleontology
- study of fossils
- coevolution
- adaptation of different species to each other (e.g. predator and prey)
- adaptive radiation
- rapid increase in speciation
- analogous structure
- structures that have evolved convergently- similar selective pressures
- polymorphism
- one of several forms of allele (e.g. apples can be red or green)
- microevolution
- change within species; occurs over dozens/hundreds of generations
- quantitative traits
- multifactorial traits; influenced by more than one gene
- homologous structure
- similar in structure and biochemistry- evolve from common ancestor
- genetic drift
- random change in allele frequencies
- allele frequency
- percentage that illustrates abundance of allele in gene pool
- artificial selection
- experiment in which breeder changes plant or animal population by selective breeding
- gene flow
- effects of migration between gene pools
- natural selection
- survival and reproduction of organisms best suited to their environment
- population genetics
- field of biology that studies microevolution
- inbreeding
- gradual increase in homozygosity
- founder effect
- change in allele frequencies that influence new populations
- speciation
- appearance of new species
- gene pool
- consists of all genes of local population of organisms
- population
- all members of same species in same place at same time; form breeding groups
- inbreeding depression
- decrease in fertility and survival because of inbreeding
- macroevolution
- change in species; occurs over longer period of time; includes formation of new species
- niche
- combination of resources species is adapted to exploit; place in society/environment
- population bottleneck
- drastic reduction in number of orgnaisms for a few generations
- polyploidy
- duplication of chromosomes
- gradualism
- pattern in which new species splits off from ancestral species and both continue to change at similar rates
- punctuated equilibrium
- short period of rapid change just after population forms new species, and undergoes stasis