bio ch 1
vocab
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- metric system
- a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled in multiples of 10
- scanning (SEM)
- scans a narrow beam of electrons back and forth across the surface of the specimen; shows realistic 3-D image of the outside of the object
- cell
- a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; smallest units of an organism that can be considered as alive
- variables
- factors in an experiment that can change
- asexual reproduction
- when the new organism has a single parent
- evolution
- change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
- transmission (TEM)
- shines a beam of electrons through the thin specimen; shows inside the cell in great detail
- compound light microscope
- allows light to pass through the specimen and use 2 lenses to form an image
- data
- info gathered from observation
- reproduction
- the process by which all organisms produce new organisms
- hypothesis
- a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations, made using prior knowledge, logical inference, and informed, creative imagination; must be proposed in a way that enables them to be tested
- science
- an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world
- theory
- a particular hypothesis that has become so well supported
- microscope
- device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye
- qualitative data
- descriptive and involves characteristics that usually can't be counted
- population
- group of organisms of one type that live in the same area
- observation
- the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way (usu. invoves using the senses)
- metabolism
- the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life process
- controlled experiment
- experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time and all other variables are kept unchanged
- molecules
- groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds
- inference
- uses the data, logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience
- responding (dependent) variable
- the variable that is observed and that changes in response to the manipulated variable
- ecosystem
- community and its nonliving surroundings
- groups of cells
- tissues, organs, and organ systems
- manipulated (independent) variable
- the variable that is deliberately changed
- stimulus
- a signal to which an organism responds
- cell culture
- group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single cell; tests responses under controlled conditions, study interactions between cells
- biosphere
- the part of Earth that contains all ecosystems
- biology
- the science that seeks to understand the living world
- spontaneous generation
- the idea that life could arise from non living matter
- differentiation
- process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
- sexual reproduction
- when cells from 2 different parents unite to produce the 1st cell of the new organism
- quantitative data
- expressed in numbers, obtained by counting or measuring
- homeostasis
- the process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant in order to survive; often involves internal feedback mechanisms
- cell fractionation
- technique in which cells are broken into pieces, and the different cell parts are separated
- organism
- individual living thing