ch 3 psych
Terms
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- Peter and Rosemary Grant
- showed that natural selection has effect in short periods of time
- genotype
- inherited genetic structure
- phenotype
- outward appearence and repertory of behaviors
- DNA/GENES
- dna is organized into tiny units called genes. segements of dna make up chromosomes.
- genome
- full sequence of genes found on the chromosomes with the associated DNA
- human behavior genetics
- unites psych and genetics to explore causal link between inheritance and behavior
- heritibality
-
0-1
1: genetic
0: environmental - evolutionary psychology
- extend evolution to explain how the mind functions
- Rene Descartes
- the human brain is an animal machine that can be understood scientifically
- neuroscience
- study the brain
- Phinaes Gage
- damaged frontal lobe
- Broca
- studied "tan" and found that the same area of the brain is involved in language (broca's area)
- lesions
- highly localized brain injuries
- rTMS
- uses magnetic stimulation to create temporary and reversible lesions
- Walter Hess
- electrical stimulation to probe structures deep in the brain. provoked many things in cats
- EEG
- electrodes provide a tracing of the brain activity
- PET scans
- radioactive substanes are taken up by brain cells, machines can read the radioactivity emitted by these cells, this makes a portrait of the brain
- MRI
- generates pulses in the brain that are tuned to different frequences. this casues atoms to lune up with magnetic fields, and then vibrate when the pulse is turned off
- fMRI
- detects magnetic changes in the flow of blood to cells in the brain
- central nervous system
- all neurons in brain and spinal cord. integrates and coordinates all bodily functions, processes incoming neural messages coming from the spinal cord and commands diff. parts of the body
- spinal cord
- coordinates left and right and is responsible for quick reflexes that don't require the brain
- peripheral nervous system
-
all the neurons forming the nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the body
(composed of somatic and autonomic) - somatic nervous system
- regulates actions of skeletal muscles
- autonomic nervous system
-
sustains basic life processes (respiration, digestion, arousal)
(divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic) - sympathetic nervous system
-
governs responses to emergency situations
(fight or flight) - parasympathetic nervous system
- monitors the routine operation of the body's functions
- brain stem
- structures regulate the body
- medulla
- center for breathing, blood pressure, and heart beating
- pons
- provides input to other structures in the brain stem and to the cerebellum
- reticular formation
- nerve cells that keep the brain alert.