Bio Chapter 42
Terms
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- arteriosclerosis
- A cardiovascular disease caused by the formation of hard plaques within the arteries.
- atherosclerosis
- A cardiovascular disease in which growths called plaques develop on the inner walls of the arteries, narrowing their inner diameters.
- blood pressure
- The hydrostatic force that blood exerts against the wall of a vessel.
- blood vessel
- A set of tubes through which the blood moves through the body.
- capillary bed
- A network of capillaries that infiltrate every organ and tissue in the body.
- closed circulatory system
- Circulatory systems in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid
- diaphragm
- A sheet of muscle that forms the bottom wall of the thoracic cavity in mammals; active in ventilating the lungs.
- diastole
- The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.
- diastolic pressure
- Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.
- electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- A record of the electrical impulses that travel through cardiac muscle during the heart cycle.
- endothelium
- The innermost, simple squamous layer of cells lining the blood vessels; the only constituent structure of capillaries
- fibrin
- The activated form of the blood-clotting protein fibrinogen, which aggregates into threads that form the fabric of the clot.
- fibrinogen
- The inactive form of the plasma protein that is converted to the active form fibrin, which aggregates into threads that form the framework of a blood clot.
- gas exchange
- The uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and the discharge of carbon dioxide to the environment.
- hemoglobin
- An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen.
- high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
- A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An HDL particle carries less cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, LDL, and may be correlated with a decreased risk of blood vessel blockage.
- low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
- A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An LDL particle carries the blood correlate with a tendency to develop blocked blood vessels and heart disease.
- lymph
- The colorless fluid, derived from interstitial fluid, in the lymphatic system of vertebrate animals.
- lymph node
- Organs located along lymph vessels. They filter lymph and help attack viruses and bacteria.
- pacemaker
- A specialized region of the right atrium of the mammalian heart that sets the rate of contraction; also called the sinoatrial (SA) node.
- plasma
- The liquid matrix of blood in which the cells are suspended.
- platelet
- A small enucleated blood cell important in blood clotting; derived from large cells in the bone marrow.
- pluripotent stem cell
- A cell within bone marrow that is a progenitor for any kind of blood cell.
- pulmonary circuit
- The branch of the circulatory system that supplies the lungs.
- pulse
- The rhythmic stretching of the arteries caused by the pressure of blood forced through the arteries by contractions of the ventricles during systole.
- red blood cell
- A blood cell conaining hemoglobin, which transports O2. Also called erythrocyte.
- residual volume
- The amount of air that remains in the lungs after forcefully exhaling.
- stroke volume
- The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in each contraction.
- systemic circulation
- The branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium via the veins.
- systole
- The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle contracts and the chambers pump blood.
- thrombus
- A clump of platelets and fibrin that block the flow of blood through a blood vessel.
- tidal volume
- The volume of air an animal inhales and exhales with each breath.
- vital capacity
- The maximum volume of air that a respiratory system can inhale and exhale.
- white blood cell
- A blood cell that functions in defending the body against infections and cancer cells. Also called leukocyte.