Gene and protein lectures
Terms
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- Taq Polymerase
- Heat stable, non proof reading DNA dependent DNA polymerase
- Telomerase
- Uses own RNA template to elongate DNA
- B Form
- Biological Form, right handed 10bp/turn
- A Form
- Right handed 11 bp/turn, ssDNA, DNA:RNA RNA:RNA
- p53
- prevents cell replication before DNA repair is completed
- Dicer
- Cleaves 21 nucleotide dsRNA from foreign RNA
- RISC
- pairs siRNA with viral mRNA
- Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- used to detect gene mutations
- Variable number of tandem repeats
- Used for identification
- inactivation of promoters
- methylate
- activation of histones
- acetylation
- Henderson Hasselbach
- pH = pKa + log (A-/HA)
- Michaelis Menten
- V = Vmax S/ Km + S
- specific activity
- Vmax/E
- Y intercept
- 1/Vmax
- Slope
- Km/Vmax
- Pala
- multisubstrate analog - inhibits pyramidine biosynthesis
- Protease inhibitors
- transition state analog for AIDS protease
- Ouabain
- blocks NA/K transporter
- Km
- concentration of Substrate at half Vmax
- cAMP dependent kinase
- PKA
- cGMP dependent kinase
- PKG
- DAG dependent kinase
- PKC
- Pathway for Epinephrine on B2 adrenergic receptor in muscle cell
- Epinephrine up->GTP bound a subunit G protein up->Adenylyl Cyclase up->cAMP up->PKA up->Phosphorylase Kinase up->Glycogen Phosphorylase up->Freed Glucose 6-P from Glycogen up
- Pathway for Glucagon on Glucagon receptor in liver cell
- Epinephrine up->GTP bound a subunit G protein up->Adenylyl Cyclase up->cAMP up->PKA up->Phosphorylase Kinase up->Glycogen Phosphorylase up->Freed Glucose 6-P from Glycogen up->Glucose secreted to blood up
- Pathway for Epinephrine on B2 receptor in Smooth Muscle
- Epinephrine up->GTP bound a subunit G protein up->Adenylyl Cyclase up->cAMP up->PKA up->Inactive MLCK-P up->dilation
- Pathway for NO on Smooth Muscle Cell
- NO up->Guanylyl Cyclase up->PKG up->Inactive MLCK-P up->dilation
- 3 Effects of Ca2+ on Muscle Cell
- Acetylcholine up->Na + channel activity up->Ca2+ up->Muscle Contraction, Glycogen breakdown, ATP production up
- Pathway for Acetylcholine in Muscle Cell
- Acetylcholine up->Na + channel activity up->Ca2+ up->CaM up->PK up-> glycogen phosphorylase up->Freed Glucose 6-P from Glycogen up
- Pathway for epinephrine on a1 adrenergic receptor in liver cell
- Epinephrine up->Gq up->PLC up->IP3 up-> Ca2+ released from IP3 specific Ca2+ channels up-> Ca2+ up->CaM up-> CaM binds to PK (regulatory and catalytic) and CaM Kinase->CaM/PK complex active->Gets Pated and becomes doubly active-> -> glycogen phosphorylase up->Freed Glucose 6-P from Glycogen up
- Pathway for epinephrine on a1 receptor in smooth muscle
- Epinephrine up->Gq up->PLC up->IP3 up-> Ca2+ released from IP3 specific Ca2+ channels up-> Ca2+ up->CaM up-> MLCK activated->P-Myosin up->contraction up
- Pathway for Insulin on insulin receptor in skeletal muscle and liver
- Ligand Binds->Receptor dimerizes->Cross Phosphorylation->SH2 binds to P->SH3 activates other proteins->one of which could be GEF or SOS->RAS binds GTP and is active->RAS Pates RAF->Mek->Erk
- Pulse Oximetry
- Measure amount of O2 in the blood Infrared light shot through tissue absorption different based off of different conformation of hemoglobbin when O2 bound or not