ANDY'S MNEMONICS
Terms
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- MENETRIER
- "Man-at-rear has a lot of mucus, loses a lot of protein"
- Peutz-Jaeger
- “The putz got hammered while painting. He now has pigment all over his hands, mouth, and genitals.â€
- CHAGAS
-
“Oh my! Chuck is trippin on his Carribean cruise and kissing Meg Swallow …..†Trypanosoma cruzii
Megaesophagus, megacolon
Cardiac problems - Chlorambucil treats what?
-
CLL OrambuCil
in tx of CLL and ovarian carcinoma - characteristics of Sarcoidosis
-
HUN-PEACH
Hilar adenopathy
Uveitis
Neuropathies
Pulmonary infiltration
Erythema nodosum
Arthritis
Cardiomyopathy
Hypercalcemia - Antiarrhythmic classes....
- Ned Baked Kelly's Cake
- Causes of Pericarditis
-
CARDIAC RIND:
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Drugs (such as hydralazine)
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
Injury
Neoplasms
Dressler's syndrome - female vs male predominance of mitral stenosis vs regurgitation
- MS vs MR
- Betablockers: cardioselective betablockers
-
A BEAM
Atenolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Acebutelol
Metoprolol - Innervation of SA node
-
Sympathetic acts on Sodium channels (SS).
Parasympathetic acts on Potassium channels (PS). - When to hear right vs left-sided murmurs...inspiration vs. expiration?
- RILE
- Causes of aortic regurgitation...
-
SCREAM
Syphilis
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Aortic dissection/ Aortic root dilatation
Marfan's - Causes of Heart Failure
-
HEART FAILED
Hypertension
Endocrine
Anemia
Rheumatic heart disease
Toxins
Failure to take meds
Arrythmia
Infection
Lung (PE, pneumonia)
Electrolytes
Diet - Causes of secondary nephrotic syndrome
-
DAVID
Diabetes mellitus
Amyloidosis
Vasculitis
Infections
Drugs - Characteristics of membranous glomerulonephritis..
-
C.A.T.R.I.N.G.S.
Capillary thickening
Azotemia
Teenagers
Renal vein thrombosis
Immune complexes in intra/epimembranous locations
Nephrotic syndrome
Granular immunofluorescence (IgG or C3)
SLE (10% of SLE patients) - Causes of drug-induced lupus
-
Q.C.H.I.M.P
Quinidine
Chlorpromazine
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Methyldopa
Procainamide - Major characteristics of nephritic syndrome
-
O.H. A.H.
Oliguria
Hypertension
Azotemia
Hematuria - The characteristics of uremia
-
H.A. I.D.F. B.A.N.A.N.A.
Hypertension
Abnormal fluid volume control
Increased blood potassium
Decreased blood calcium
Fibrinous pericarditis
Bleeding
Anemia
Nitrogen-waste products - azotemia
Acidosis
Neurological disorders
Anorexia - Kartagener's
-
D.o Cars Sit Helplessly at Bro.ken St.op Si.gns?
Dynein
Kartagener's
Situs inversus
Hearing loss
Bronchiectasis
Sterility
Sinusitis - Causes of interstitial nephritis...
-
Interstitial Nephritis C.an B.e T.he R.esult O.f S.everal D.rugs, C.onditions
COX inhibitors
Beta lactams
Trimethoprim
Rifampin
Other, idiopathic
Sulfonamides
Diuretics
Captopril - Vascular injury to the anterior spinal artery causes...?
-
MCHS - Milken Community High School
Medial lemniscus
Corticospinal tract
Hypoglossal
Spinal (anterior) artery - Vascular injury to the PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery) causes...?
-
T.H.I.S. V. 9-11
Trigeminal (spinal tract of V)
Horner's
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Spinothalamic
Vestibular nucleus
9-11 (loss of these nuclei cause throat problems, loss of gag reflex, etc) - Bugs that don't gram stain well...
-
T.hese R.ascals M.ay M.icroscopically L.ack C.olor
Treponemes
Rickettsia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia - Fermentation patterns of Neisseria
-
M.eninG.ococci - Maltose and Glucose
G.onococci - Glucose - These organisms have IgA proteases
-
S.ome H.ow N.o N.eisseria
(Neisseria meningitidis AND gonorrhoeae) - Obligate aerobes
-
"Nagging Pests Must Breathe"
Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium
Bacillus - Which antibiotics require O2 to enter into bacterial cell?
- AminO2glycosides
- Intracellular buga
-
S.ome N.asty B.ugs M.ay L.ive F.acultativeL.Y. + R.C. (obligate)
Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia
Chlamydia, Rickettsia (obligate) - Encapsulated bacteria
-
S.ome H.ow K.now N.eisseria
Strep pneumo
H flu
Klebsiella
Neisseria meningitidis - Quellung reaction
- Swellung - encapsulated bugs swell
- Rheumatic fever
-
"No rheum for S.P.E.C.C.ulation"
Subcutaneous nodules
Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Chorea
Carditis - Perfringens
- "PERFringens PERForates a gangrenous leg"
- Diptheria and exotoxin
-
ABCDEFG
ADP ribosylation (by exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis)
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
Elongation Factor 2
Granules (metachromatic granules seen in these gram-positive rods) - Treatment for actinomyces vs. Nocardia
-
S.N.A.P.
Sulfa for
Nocardia
Actinomyces, use
Penicillin - Haemophilus influenza
-
HAEMOP
Hematin (X) and NAD (V) required for culture
Aerosol transmission
Epiglottitis
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia - Enterobacteriaceae
-
C.O.F.F.E.E.
Capsular antigen (K)
O antigen
Flagellar (H) antigen
Ferment glucose
Enterobacteriaceae
Endotoxin - Lactose fermenting bugs
-
"K.E.E.P. fermenting"
Klebsiella
E coli
Enterobacter
Pink colonies on MacConkey's agar - Shigella is transmitted via...
- "Food, Fingers, Feces, and Flies"
- Pseudomonas...
-
P.S.E.U.D.O.monas -
Pneumonia
Sepsis
External otitis
UTI
Drug use
Diabetic Osteomyelitis - PATAU
-
C.H.E.F.S
Cleft lip, palate
Holoprosencephaly
Ears are low set, non-functional (deafness)
Fissures
Small eyes - Chlamydia cycle...
-
Elementary body
Enters cell via Endocytosis
Reticulate (initial) body
Replicates in cell - Chlamydia types A,B,C
- A.frica B.lindness C.hronic infection
- Chlamydia type L1-3
- L.ymphogranuloma venereum
- Spriochetes
-
B.L.T. B. is B.ig
Borellia (is Big)
Leptospira
Treponema - Lyme disease
-
B.A.KE. a key lyme pie
Bell's palsy
Arthritis
Kardiac block
Erythema chronicum migrans - FTA-ABS
-
"Find The Antibody - ABSolutely"
Specific and earliest/longest positive test for treponemes - False positives picked up by VDRL
-
V.D.R.L.
Viruses (mono, hepatitis)
Drugs
Rheumatic fever, arthritis
Lupus/Leprosy - Morphology of Blastomycosis
- Big Broad-Based Budding
- Name the dimorphic mycoses
-
BPH
Blasto
Paracoccidioido
Histo - Name the naked RNA viruses
-
"Naked CPR"
Calicivirus
Picornavirus
Reovirus - name the DNA viruses
-
HHAPPPy
Herpes
Hepadna - Naked DNA viruses
-
"You need to be naked for a PAP smear"
Parvovirus
Adenovirus
Papovavirus - Name the paramyxoviruses
-
PaRaMyxo
Parainfluenza
RSV
Measles/Mumps - Salk
- SalK - Killed
- Egg-based viral vaccines
-
F.R.Y
Flu
mmR
Yellow fever - Segmented viruses
-
B.O.A.R
Bunya
Orthomyxo
Arena
Reo - Name the picornaviruses
-
PERCH on "pico"
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
HAV - Rotavirus
-
ROTA
"Right Out The Anus"
- major cause of acute diarrhea - Mumps
-
"makes your balls as big as POM-poms"
Parotitis
Orchitis
Meningitis (aseptic) - Measles syx
-
4 C's
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Coplik spots (Koplik) - Viral genetic shift vs drift
- Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift
- Arbovirus
-
ARthropod-BOrne virus
(think of Paul Bunyan picture) - Name the herpes viruses
-
"Get herpes in a CHEVrolet"
CMV
HSV
EBV
VZV - Tzanck test
-
"Tzanck heavens I don't have herpes"
Smear to detect multinucleated giant cells - Hepatitis transmission, epidemiology
-
Hep A - Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone (no carriers, naked ssRNA)
Hep B - Blood Borne
Hep C - Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carriers
Hep D - Defective, Dependent on HBV
Hep E - Enteric, Expectant mothers, Epidemics - Hep A and E transmission
-
"The vowels hit your bowels"
Fecal-oral route - HBeAg
-
BEware!!
Indicator of transmissibility of HBV - Causes of Osteomyelitis
-
P.M.S.s.
Pseudomonas (diabetics, drug addicts)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott's disease)
Salmonella - sickle cell
Staph aureus - UTI bugs
-
S.arah P. K.ovnar P.E.E.S.
Serratia (red pigment)
Proteus (swarming on agar, produces urease)
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas (blue-green pigment)
E coli (metallic sheen on EMB)
Enterobacter
Staph saprophyticus - Infections dangerous in pregnancy
-
ToRCHeS
Toxoplasma
Rubella
CMV
HSV/HIV
Syphilis - Drugs to treat pseudomonas
-
"T.ake C.are of P.seudomonas"
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin - Ampicillin/amoxicillin clinical usage?
-
"HELPS kill Enterococci"
Haeumophilus influenza
E coli
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella
enterococci - Which has greater bioavailability, ampicillin or amoxicillin?
- amOxicillin
- Clinical use of 1st gen cephalosporins
-
PEcK
Proteus
E coli
Klebsiella - Clinical use of 2nd gen cephalosporins
-
HEN PEcKS
H flu
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Proteus
E coli
Klebsiella
Serratia - Imipenem is co-administered with...?
- "The kill is LASTIN with ciLASTATIN"
- Vancomycin toxicities...
-
F.O.N.T.
Flushing - 'red man syndrome'
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Thrombophlebitis - Name the 30S and 50S inhibitors
-
"buy A.T. 30, CCEL at 50"
30 - Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines
50 - Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin - Aminoglycosides
-
"mean" G.N.A.T.S. can N.O.T. kill anaerobes
GNATS - agents
Gentamycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
NOT - toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Teratogen - Tetracyclines clinical use
-
VACUUM THe BedRoom
Vibrio
Acne
Chlamydia
Ureaplasma Urealyticum
Mycoplasma pneumo
Tularemia
H pylori
Borrelia
Rickettsia - TMP toxicity
-
T.M.P - "Treat Marrow Poorly"
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
(due to inhibition of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase) - Fluoroquinolones toxicity
- fluroquinoLONES hurt attachments to your BONES
- Metronidazole use
-
G.E.T. on the Metro!
Giardia
Entamoeba
Trichomonas - Polymyxins mechanism
- MYXins MYX up membranes
- Anti-TB drugs
-
INH-SPIRE
INH - alone for TB prophylaxis
rest used in combo for TB tx
Streptomycin
Pyrazinamide
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin
Ethambutol - INH toxicity
-
I.N.H.
Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes - Rifampin characteristics
-
4 R's
RNA polymerase inhibitor
Revs up microsomal P450
Red/orange body fluids
Rapid resistance if used alone - Amantadine mechanism, uses
-
"A man to dine" takes off his coat
Blocks viral penetration/uncoating
Amantadine block influ. A and rubellA and causes problems with the cerebellA - Foscarnet mechanism
- pyroFOSphate analog
- HIV therapy protease inhibitors
-
"Navir tease a pro"
[everything that ends in navir] - How to treat onchocerciasis?
- rIVER blindness treated with IVERmectin
- Antibx to avoid in pregnancy
-
S.A.F.E M.oms T.ake R.eally
G.ood C.are
Sulfonamides
Aminoglycosides
Fluroquinolones
Erythromycin
Metronidazole
Tetracyclines
Ribavirin
Griseofulvin
Chloramphenicol - Describe Fc fragment of antibodies
-
C:
Constant
Carboxy terminal
Complement binding (IgG & IgM only)
Carbohydrate side chains - Functions of interleukins
-
"Few T Bones Eaten At Arbys Need Seasoning Nowadays"
IL 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12
1 - Fever
2 - T cell stimulation
3 - Bone marrow stimulation
4 - IgE production
5 - IgA production
6 - Acute-phase reactant production
8 - Neutrophil attraction
10 - Stimulates Th2
12 - NK cell activation - Classic pathway of complement activated by...
-
G.M. makes CLASSIC cars
IgG and IgM - Interferon mechanism
- INTERFERES with viral protein synthesis
- Passive immunity is given for...?
-
Patients are given preformed antibodies T.o B.e H.ealed R.apidly
Tetanus
Botulinum
HBV
Rabies - Hypersensitivity type I
- First and Fast (anaphylaxis)
- Hypersensitivity type II
-
cy-2-toxic
IgM, IgG bind to antigen on 'enemy' cell, leading to lysis or phagocytosis - Hypersensitivity type IV
-
4th and last - DELAYED
4 Ts
T lymphocytes
Transplant rejections
TB skin tests
Touching (contact dermatitis) - What are the types of hypersensitivity?
-
A.C.I.D
Type I - Anaphylactic, Atopic
Type II - Cytotoxic
Type III - Immune complex
Type IV - Delayed (cell mediated) - Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
-
Bacterial infections after 6 months of age
Boys (x-linked)
B cell decreased production - Thymic aplasia
-
T cell deficiency
Tetany due to hypocalcemia - Wiskott-Aldrich
-
W.I.P.E.
Wiskott-Aldrich
Infections (pyogenic)
Purpura (Thyombocytopenic)
Eczema - HLA B27
-
PAIR
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Reiter's syndrome - Bethanechol applications
- Bowel and Bladder activation (of smooth muscle)
- Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning causes which symptoms?
-
DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation - Atropine effects
-
"Fucks up D. S.L.U. kids"
Defecation
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination - Beta 1 selective agents
-
A BEAM
Acebutolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol - Lead poisoning
-
LLEEAADD
Lead
Lines (on gingivae and epiphyses)
Encephalopathy
Erythrocyte basophilic stippling
Abdominal colic
Anemia (sideroblastic)
Drops (wrist and foot)
Dimercaprol/EDTA tx - Lead poisoning tx for kids
-
"it SUCKS to eat lead"
Succimer - Drugs that can cause photosensitivity
-
"i S.A.T. for a photo"
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Tetracycline - Drugs that cause gynecomastia
-
"Some Drugs Even Create Awesome Knockers"
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Estrogens
Cimetidine
Alcoholism
Ketoconazole - Drugs that cause an SLE-like syndrome
-
"it's not HIPP to have lupus"
Hydralazine
INH
Phenytoin
Procainamide - Inducers of P450
-
Q.ueen B.arb takes P.hen-phen and R.efuses G.reasy C.arbs
Quinidine
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine - Inhibitors of P450
-
I Saw Katie Couric Eating Seven Grapefruits
Isoniazid (INH)
Sulfonamides
Ketoconazole
Cimetidine
Erythromycin
St. John's wort
Grapefruit juice - Symptoms of neurosyphilis
-
PARESIS
Personality
Affect
Reflexes are hyper
Eyes - Argyll-Robertson
Sensorium
Intellectual decline
Speech deficiency - right to left shunts
-
3Ts
Transposition
Tetrology
Truncus arteriosus - Tetrology of Fallot
-
PROV
Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
Overriding aorta
VSD - Dilated cardiomyopathy etiologies
-
ABCCCDPH
Alcohol abuse
Beriberi
Coxsackie
Cocaine
Chagas
Doxorubicin toxicity
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Hemochromatosis - ACE inhibitor side effects
-
CAPTOPRIL
Cough
Angioedema
Proteinuria
Taste changes
hypOtension
Pregnancy problems
Rash
Increased renin
Lower AII - RA extra articular manifestations
-
PAV PLAN
Pericardial effusions
Anemia of chronic disease
Vasculitis
Pulmonary involvement
Lymphadenopathy
Amyloidosis
Neurologic abnormalities - Felty syndrome (this isn't a mnemonic)
-
Splenomegaly
Neutropenia
RA - Causes of hypercalcemia
-
CHIMPANZEES
Calcium ingestion (milk-alkali)
Hyperthyroidism
Iatrogenic (thiazides)
Multiple Myeloma
Paget's disease
Addison's
Neoplasia
Zollinger Ellison
Excess Vit D
Excess Vit A
Sarcoidosis - Secondary hyperparathyroidism syx
- Stones, bones, and groans
- Phospholipase A2 produces...?
- Arachidonic acid
- Causes of acute pancreatitis?
-
GET SMASHeD
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune disease
Scorpion sting
Hypercalcemia/hyperlipidemia
Drugs (sulfa - Causes of eosinophilia?
-
NAACP
Neoplasia
Asthma
Allergic processes
Collagen vascular disease
Parasites - Cancers with psammoma bodies
-
PSaMMoma
Papillary cancer - thyroid
Serous - ovary
Meningioma
Mesothelioma - heterocyclic antidepressants
- you need BUtane in your VEINs to MURder for a MAP of alcaTRAZ (see 372)
- Parkinson's disease drugs
-
BALSARC
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
L dopa(with carbidopa)
Selegiline
Antimuscarinics
Ropinerole
COMT inhibitors (ie. entacapone) - Barbiturate mechanism
- barbiDURATE: increased DURATion of Cl channel openning, thus decreasing neuron firing
- Benzodiazepine mechanism
- FREnzodiazepines increase FREquency of CL channel opening
- Short acting benzos...
-
Try My Ox
Tyiazolam
Midazolam
Oxazepam - Atypical antipsychotics
-
its not ATYPICAL for OLd CLOsets to RISPER
Olanzapine
Clozapine
Risperidone - Lithium side effects
-
LMNOP
Lithium side effects
Movement (tremor)
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
hypOthyroidism
Pregnancy problems - Intravenous anesthetics
-
B.B. K.ing on OPIATES PROPOses FOOLishly
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Ketamine
Opiates
Propofol - Local anesthetics - amides
-
2 I's in their name
ie. Lidocaine, bupivacaine - Toxicities of antipsychotics
-
SHENG MALT
Sedation
Hypotension
Extrapyramidal
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Gynecomastia
Muscarinic block
Antiemetic
Lower seizure threshold
Tardive dyskinesia - Actions of anticholinergics?
-
anti-SLUDG properties
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
GI motility - Tumors that metastasize to brain
-
Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia
Lung Breast Skin Kidney GI - Tumors that metastasize to the liver
-
Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver
Colon
Stomach
Pancreas
Breast
Lung - Tumors that metastasize to bone
-
P.T. Barnum Loves To Kid
Prostate
Thyroid
Breast
Lung
Testes
Kidney - Target cells (RBCs) are seen when...?
-
HALT
HbC disease
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalassemia - Contraction of muscle fibers results in shrinkage of which bands?
- HIZ
- Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with...?
-
PAV PLAN
Pericardial effusion
Anemia of chronic disease
Vasculitis
Pulmonary involvement
Lymphadenopathy
Amyloidosis
Neurologic abnormalities - SLE manifestations
-
I'M DAMN SHARP
Immunoglobulins (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid)
Malar rash
Discoid rash
Anti nuclear antibody
Mucositis (oropharyngeal ulcers)
Neurologic disorders
Serositis (pleuritis, pericarditis)
Hematologic disorders
Arthritis
Renal disorders
Photosensitivity - Sarcoidosis is characterized by..?
-
GRAIN
Gammaglobulinemia
Rheumatoid arthritis
ACE increase
Interstitial fibrosis
Noncaseating granulomas - Reiter's syndrome?
- Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree
- CREST
-
CREST
Calcinosis
raynaud's
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia - Takayasu's arteritis
-
"FAN MY SKIN On Wednesday"
['pulseless disease']
Fever
Arthritis
Night sweats
MYalgia
SKIN nodules
Ocular disturbances
Weak pulses in upper extremities - Radial nerve innervates...
-
...the BEST!
Brachioradialis
Extensors of the wrist and fingers
Supinator
Triceps - Waveforms of awake/sleep
-
at night, BATS D.rink B.lood
Beta - (highest frequency, lowest amplitude)
Alpha - awake but eyes closed
Theta - stage 1
Sleep spindles, K complexes - stage 2
Dela - stage 3,4
Beta - REM - Bells palsy can be a complication of...?
-
AL STD
AIDS
Lyme
Sarcoidosis
Tumors
Diabetes - Causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
-
MUD PILES
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde
Iron tablets/ INH
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates - Acetazolamide toxicity?
- ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis
- Furosemide toxicity?
-
OH DANG!
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy
Nephritis (interstitial)
Gout - Hytdrochlorothiazide toxicity?
-
hyperGLUC
hyper...
Glycemia
Lipidemia
Uricemia
Calcemia
[also sulfa allergy] - Captopril toxicity
-
CAPTOPRIL
Cough
Angioedema
Proteinuria
Taste changes
hypOtension
Pregnancy problems
Rash
Increased renin
Lower angiotensin II - Progesterone actions
- Progesterone Prepares for Pregnancy
- Relation of the pulm artery to the bronchus at each lung hilus
- RALS - right anterior, left superior
- structures perforate the diaphragm at which levels
-
I 8 10 EGGs AT 12
T8 - IVC
T10 - EsophaGus, vaGus
T12 - Aorta, azygous, thoracic duct - Right shift of O2 dissociation curve caused by...?
-
"CADET face right"
CO2
Acid/altitude
DPG
Exercise
Temperature - Complications of lung cancer..
-
SPHERE of complications
Superior VC syndrome
Pancoast's tumor
Horner's syndrome
Endocrine (paraneoplastic)
Recurrent laryngeal symptoms
Effusions - Lipoxegenase pathway yields...
- Leukotrienes (L for both)