Psychology - Exam 1 - Study Guide
Terms
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- false
- true/false: the spinal cord always acts dependently on the brain
- temporal
- the lobe located right above and to the sides of the ear
- resting potential
- the stage of neuron firing that involves a negative charge inside the neuron, relative to the outside
- environment
- the level of analysis dealing with nature, buildings without windows, lighting, noises, weather, and seasons
- there isn't any researcher influence on the participant's behavior
- strengths of descriptive studies
- symptoms of an active sympathetic nervous system
- dilated pupils, relaxed lungs, accelerated heartbeat, inhibited activity in the stomach, and contracted blood vessels are all:
- parietal
- the lobe located in the top/back of the head
- psychology
- the study of the mind, brain, and behavior
- ability to determine causality
- strengths of experimental studies
- operational definition
- specifying what you will measure
- brain
- the center of control for the body
- sensory-somatic nervous system & autonomic nervous system
- the two subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system
- 17%
- ____ (percentage) of the subjects in the moffitt & caspi study who had the "long" serotonin transporter gene and had experienced 4+ stressful events were clinically depressed
- block the reuptake of serotonin
- how do SSRIs work?
- social
- the leve l of analysis that deals with relationships between people, influence groups of people, and culture
- specific memory recollection
- the effect penfield's surgeries had on patients
- motor
- the class of neurons that carries signals from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands
- sensory-somatic
- the nervous system that deals with the skin, eyes, ears, skeletal muscles; it accounts for things like hunger and pain, and it pays attention to both the internal and external environments
- blocks the reuptake of dopamine
- how cocaine works
- biological
- the level of analysis dealing with cells, connections between cells, neurochemicals, hormones, the genome, and the epigenome
- neuron
- a cell in the nervous system specialized to receive, process, and/or transmit information to other cells
- descriptive
- aka naturalistic observation: see patterns in real world through simple observation as they are.
- 17%
- the average rate of depression
- OCD
- the result of a malfunction of serotonin in the body
- experimental
- studies that involve the random assignment of both experimental and control groups
- parkinson's
- the result of a malfunction of dopamine in the body
- 43%
- ____ (percentage) of subjects in the moffitt & caspi study who had the "short" serotonin transporter gene and who had experienced 4+ stressfull events were clinically depressed
- some positively charged particles leave
- how does a neuron return to its resting potential?
- increases the sensitivity of the neurons so they communicate more rapidly
- how do calcium channel receptor modulators work?
- lack of motivation
- the result of an excess of serotonin in the body
- brain & spinal cord
- what is included in the central nervous system?
- correlational
- studies where relationships between two or more variables are measured but not manipulated
- temporal
- the secondary function of the _______ lobe is the storage of visual memory
- sympathetic
- the part of the autonomic system that occurs during stressful situations
- epilepsy
- penfield's surgeries were on patients suffering from this disorder
- interneurons
- the class of neurons that connect all three types of neurons, and account for most of the neurons in the brain
- 3
- how many different classes of neurons are there?
- alzheimer's
- the result of a malfunction in acetylcholine in the body
- positive
- during the action potential, particles with a ______ charge enter the neuron
- correlation
- an apparent link between two variables being studied; not cause and effect necessarily
- efferent
- another name for the motor neuron
- parietal
- other functions of the ______ lobe are attention and the representation of spacial relationships of ourselves and the world
- stimulation
- ___________ causes neurons to move away from their resting potential
- reliability
- if we can replicate the results of a study, it has ______
- schizophrenia
- the result of an excess of dopamine in the body
- 4
- there are ___ lobes in the cerebral cortex
- voluntary
- the sensory-somatic nervous system deals with ______ (voluntary/involuntary) movements mostly
- occipital
- the lobe located in the lower/back of the skull
- occipital
- the secondary functions of the _____ lobe are the processing of spacial information, color, some motion, and form
- serotonin
- the neurotransmitter that regulates mood and sleep
- double blind design
- the "cure" for the experimenter expectancy effect; researches don't know which participant is control and which is experimental
- increase the flow of dopamine
- how opiates work
- electric current
- what penfield used to deactivate a certain area of brain tissue
- lethargy
- the result of a shortage of glutamate in the body
- sensory
- a class of neurons that receives information from the world and sends it to the brain via the spinal cord
- ADHD
- the result of a shortage of dopamine in the body
- depression
- the result of a shortage of serotonin in the body
- validity
- if we are measuring what we set out to measure, the study has _____
- 0
- the numerical value for no correlation
- visualization
- "athletic performance is improved by visualization." Which is the independent variable?
- parasympathetic
- the part of the autonomic system that occurs during non-stressful situations
- athletic performance
- "athletic performance is improved by visualization." Which is the dependent variable?
- sound, language, & the storage of new information in the memory
- the three primary functions of the temporal lobe
- anxiety
- the result of a malfunction of GABA in the body
- involuntary
- the autonomic nervous system mostly deals with _____ (voluntary/involuntary) movements
- primary motor cortex
- the "strip" in the cerebral cortex located just behind the frontal lobe
- drug x
- "Drug x impairs short-term memory in a word-recall task." Which is the independent variable?
- frontal
- the lobe located behind the eyes/forehead
- phineas gage
- the name of the guy who got a pole rammed through his frontal lobe
- depolarized
- during action potential, after the new particles enter the neuron, the neuron becomes __________
- controls & initiates movement
- the main function of the primary motor cortex
- tremors
- the result of an excess of acetylcholine in the body
- reactivated
- more distant brain regions were _____ as a result of penfield's surgery
- AMPA receptor modulators
- drugs that act on glutamate
- dendrite
- the part of the neuron that receives incoming messages
- true
- socioeconomic status and education level are examples of biases, too
- autonomic
- the nervous system that includes the heart, lungs, etc.
- sampling bias
- what happens when participants aren't chosen at random
- short-term memory
- "Drug x impairs short-term memory in a word-recall task." Which is the dependent variable?
- myelin sheath
- the part of the neuron that insulates the axon and allors for the rapid movement of electrical impulses along the axon
- response bias
- the tendency of participants to respond in a particular way, generally aiming to please
- learning disorders
- the result of a malfunction of glutamate in the body
- enhance glutamate transmission between neurons
- how do AMPA receptor modulators work?
- vision
- the occipital lobe is primarily devoted to _____
- central nervous system & peripheral nervous system
- the two main divisions of the nervous system
- afferent
- another name for the sensory neuron
- 4
- there are ___ levels of analysis
- controls & sends messages
- the main function of the somatosensory cortex
- independent variable
- the variable that is intentionally changed while another variable is measured. This is the treatment or the condition
- cohort effects
- a bias that comes as a result of different generations and their respective experiences
- delusions
- the result of a shortage of acetylcholine in the body
- you can't always manipulate a variable (ethically, realistically, etc.)
- weaknesses of experimental studies
- lack of motivation
- the result of an excess of GABA in the body
- epilepsy
- the result of a shortage of GABA in the body
- GABA
- the neurotransmitter that inhibits the sending neuron; basically, it ensures that there won't be over-firing.
- individual
- the level of analysis dealing with thoughts, feelings, beliefs, ideas, desires, and personality
- binds to GABA receptors and allows more negatively charged ions to go through
- how alcohol works
- symptoms of an active parasympathetic nervous system
- contracted pupils, constricted lungs, slow heartbeat, stimulated stomach activity, and dilated blood vessels are all:
- can study variables that can't or don't need to be manipulated
- strengths of correlational studies
- experimenter expectancy effect
- a term that's used for a researcher unknowingly cueing the participant in a study to respond a certain way
- glutamate
- the neurotransmitter that enhances action potentials, learning, and memory
- dopamine
- the neurotransmitter that deals with motivation, reward, movement, thought, and learning
- interneuron
- if the brain is going to interfere with a "knee jerk reaction," where will the interference take place?
- sympathetic & parasympathetic
- the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system
- confound
- a third, unaccounted for variable that could also explain the link between two other studied variables
- key
- the frontal lobe is known as the ____ part of the brain
- 17%
- ___ (percentage) of people in the moffitt & caspi study with the "short" serotonin transporter gene and no stressful experiences
- frontal
- functions of the _____ lobe include speech, planning, searching memory, motor processing, reasoning, and the control of emotions
- action potential
- when neurons move away from their resting potential, they move into their ______
- -1
- the numerical value for a strong/negative correlation
- you can't determine causality
- weaknesses of descriptive studies
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- prozac, soloft, and paxil
- spinal cord
- the information pipeline for the body
- dependent variable
- the variable that is measured while another variable is changed. This is the outcome
- sense of touch
- the parietal lobe is largely responsible for our _____
- you can't determine causality
- weaknesses of correlational studies
- +1
- the numerical value for a strong/positive correlation
- acetylcholine
- the neurotransmitter that enables muscle contraction and memory
- primary somatosensory cortex
- the "strip" in the cerebral cortex located in front of the parietal lobe