science vocab test
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- sexually transmitted disease
- infectious disease, such as chlamydia, AIDS, or general herpes, that is passed from one person to another during sexual contact
- axon
- neuron structure that carries messages away from the cell body
- peripheral nervous system
- division of the nervous system, made up of the nerves outside the CNS
- instinct
- complex pattern of innate behavior, such as spinning a web, that can take weeks to complete
- behavior
- the way in which an organism interacts with other organisms and its environment
- innate behavior
- behavior that an organism is born with and does not have to be learned, such as a reflex or instinct
- pheromone
- powerful chemical produced by an animal to influence the behavior of another animal of the same species
- pasteurization
- process in which a liquid is heated to a temperature that kills most bacteria
- neuron
- basic functioning unit of the nervous system, made up of a cell body, dendrites, and axons
- synapse
- small space across which an impulse moves from the axon to the dendrites or cell body of another neuron
- rhizone
- underground stem
- prothallus
- small, green, heart-shaped gametophyte plant form of a fern that can made its own food and absorb water and nutrients from the soil
- social behavior
- interactions among members of the same species, including courtship and mating, getting food, caring for young, and protecting each other
- biological vector
- disease-carrying organism, such as a rat, mosquito, or fly, that spreads infectious disease
- central nervous system
- division of the nervous system, made up of the brain and the spinal cord
- cyclic behavior
- behavior that occurs in a repeated pattern
- dendrite
- neuron structure that receives messages and sends them to the cell body
- ovule
- in seed plants, the female reproductive part that produce eggs
- insight
- form of reasoning that allows animals to use past experiances to solve new problems
- active immunity
- long-lasting immunity that results when the body makes its own antibodies in response to a specific antigen
- pollination
- transfer of pollen grains to female part of a seed plant
- germination
- series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed
- ovary
- in plants, swollen base of an angeo sperm pistol where egg producing oviales are found
- courtship behavior
- behavior that allows males and females of the same species to recognize each other and prepare to mate
- pollen grain
- structure produced by male reproductive organs of a seed plant
- noninfectious disease
- disease, such as cancer, diabetes, or asthma that is not spread from one person to another
- society
- a group of animals of the species that live and work together in an organized way, with each member doing a specific job
- sori
- fern structures in which spores are produced
- passive immunity
- immunity that results when antibodies produced in an animal are introduced to another's body
- allergen
- substance that causes an allergic reaction
- cerebellum
- part of the brain that controls voluntary muscle movement, maintains moscle tone, and helps maintain balance
- taste bud
- major sensory receptor on the tongue
- hibernation
- inactivity during cold weather
- sporophyte stage
- plant life cycle stafe that begins when an egg is fertilized by sperm
- olfactory cells
- nasal nerve cell that becomes stimulated by molecules in the air and sends impulse to the brain for interpretation of odors
- brain stem
- connects the brain to the spinal cord and is made up of the midbraing, the pan, and the medulla
- spore
- waterproof reproductive cell of a fungus that can grow into a new organism
- allergy
- overly strong reaction of the immune system to a foreign substance
- cachlea
- fluid-filled structure in the inner ear in which sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain
- imprinting
- occurs when an animal forms a social attachement to another organism during a specific period following birth or hatching
- chemotherapy
- use of chemicals to destroy cancer cells
- virus
- a strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating that can infect and multyiply in a host cell
- frond
- leaf of a firm that grows from the rhizone
- homeostasis
- regulation of an organism's internal, life maintaing conditions
- aggression
- forceful behavior such as fighting used by an animal to control or dominate another animal
- migration
- instinctive seasonal movement of animals to find food or to reproduce in better conditions
- gametophyte stage
- plant life cycle stage that begins when cells in the reproductive organs undergo miosis and produce haploid cells (spores)
- infectious disease
- disease caused by a viruse, bacterium, fungus, or protist that is spread from an infected organism of the environment to another organism
- stamen
- male reproductive organ inside the flower of an angiospern
- vaccination
- process of giving a vaccine by mouth or by injection to provide actvie immunity against a disease
- pistol
- female reproductive organ inside the flower of an angeo sperm
- cerebrum
- largest part of the brain, where memory is stored, movements are controlled, and impulse fro mthe senses are interpreted
- conditioning
- occurs when the response to a stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus
- reflex
- simple innate behavior, such as yawning or blinking, that is an automatic response and does not involve a message to the brain
- antigen
- only complex molecule that is foreign to your body
- antibody
- a protein made in response to a specific antigen that can attch to the antigen and cause it to be useless
- retina
- light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye
- immune system
- complex group of defenses that protects the body againts pathogens