Chapter 15: Purposeful Activities...
Terms
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- Name the 3 different types of PAMs
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Physical Agent Modalities
1)Thermal Modalities
2)Cooling Modalities
3)Electrical Modalities - What are the beneftis of Thermal Modalities
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Increase: motion, blood flow.
Decrease: joint stiffness, pain.
Relieve MS spasms
Aids in reabsorption of exudates and edema - What are contraindications of Thermal Modalities
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Acute conditions
Sensory losses
Impaired vascular structures
Malignancies
application on very young or old persons - What are the 3 modes of heat generation
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1)Conduction
2)Conversion
3)Convection - Define and give example of the heat generation, Conduction
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Heat is transferred from one object to another through direct contact
Ex: hot packs, paraffin wax - Contraindications of Conduction heat generation
- Parrafin: when open cuts exist; care to protect insensate parts to aviod burns; avoid excessive vasodilation; mod to severe edema exist
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Define and give example of the heat generation,
Convection -
heat supplied to tissue by way of fluid motion around the tissue:
Examples: fluidotherapy, whirlpool -
Define and give example of the heat generation,
Conversion -
Heat is generated internally by friction
Example: Ultrasound (a deep heating agent) -
What are the benefits of Cooling Modalities?
What are examples -
decreases edema, pain, inflammation and bloodflow to injured areas (appropriate for acute setting).
Examples: Cold packs and cooling devices - What are the contraindications of Cooling Modalities
- Pt hyper sensitive to cold or with vascular repair
- What are the benefits of Electrical Modalities?
- Decrease pain, edema. Increase motion. Re-educate muscles to increase pt's functional ability
- What are the contraindications of Electrical Modalities
- Pt's with pacemakers or cardiac conditions
- Define TENS and give its uses
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: employs constant electrical stimulation w/modulated current to decrease pain can be used in acute or chronic situations
- Define FES and give its uses
- Functional Electrical Stimulation: employes a continuous interrupted current to provide MS contraction. Used to increase ROM, MS contractions and strength, retrain MS (like in orthopedic injury)
- Define therapeutic exercise
- Any body movement or muscle contraction to PREVENT impairment, IMPROVE func, MAINTAIN state of well being
- What is the 8 purpose of therapeutic Exercise
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1 Develop awareness of normal movement patterns and improve voluntary, automatic movement responses
2. Develop strength and endurance that do not prod deformity
3.Improve coordination, regardless of strength
4.Increase strength of isolated MS(s)
5. ROM benefits
6.Incr MS strength to use hand splints, mobile are support and other devices
7. Increase strength
8. Prevent/eliminate contractures -
types of exercise used to
INCREASE MS STRENGTH -
ACTIVE-ASSISTED; ACTIVE; and resistive isotonic and isometric exercises
To increase strength, MS must contract at or near its Max Cap and for enough REPS and DURATION -
Describe ACTIVE-ASSISTED EX
and MS grade needed to perform the ex -
-Isotonic MS contraction. Pt moves through partial ROM and range is completed by therapist/devise
-used to Incr Strength, maintain ROM
MS GRADE: (0)to(3-) - ISOTONIC RESISTIVE CONTRACTIONS EX, what is the MS GRADE needed to perform ex
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MS GRADES (2)to (3). (This is part of PRE's)
-to Increase Strength - Describe Oxford Tech
- opposite of DeLorme Tech
- Exercises to increase MS endurance
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Hi load w/low reps = MS strength
Lo load w/hi reps = MS Endurance - Exercises for ROM and joint Flex
- ACTIVE and PASSIVE ROM Exercises used to maintain; Stretches used to increase ROM.
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Describe PASSIVE EX
i.e. Eccentric for Passive ROM Exercise -
-Maintains ROM; no contraction
-Prevents contractions/adhesions/deformities
-Perform 3 reps 2/day
-Stabilize proximal area to affected joint
-MS GRADE (0)to(1) - Describe PASSIVE STRETCH, i.e. forced exercise
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-Will increase ROM
-NO residual pain should be evident, ONLY some discomfort
-Low-resistance stretch of sustained duration is most effective -
Describe ACTIVE EX,
what MS GRADE is needed -
-Patient moves the joint through ROM against NO OUTSIDE resistance
-Maintain ROM, MS strength may improve
-Ex can be graded by changing resistense as strength improves
MS GRADE: (2)to(3) - Describe ACTIVE stretch and give MS GRADE
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-TO increase ROM
-Pt does the work
-MS GRADE (4) to (5) - Describe Isometric Ex without resistance and MS grade
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-isometric contractions of specific MS or Ms grp
-Purpose is to MAINTAIN MS strength
-MS GRADE: above 1 (trace) - Describe Isometric Ex with resistance and MS grade
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-Purpose is to increase MS strength
-MS GRADE: (3+)to(5)