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WS Industrial Revolution 2

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two of the most influential socialists that developed scientific socialism
Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx
promoted the science of eugenics
Sir Francis Galton
a Russian psychologist who discovered that behavior could be controlled by outside factors. He conducted a famous experiment about the condioned reflex in dogs
Ivan Pavlov
a German experimental physiologist founded the first psychologist laboratory. He concluded that human psychology was based on experience and reality
Wilhelm Wundt
awarded the Nobel Prize for physics and then eventually chemistry for her work
Maria Curie
the man who discovered radioactivity
Antoine-Henri Becquerel
the man who discovered bacteria and created a heat treatment method that destroyed bacteria in certain foods and drinks
Louis Pasteur
the man that discovered that all matter is composed if miniature particles called atoms
John Dalton
the men who formulated the ideas governing magnetism and electricity
Michael Faraday and James Maxwell
the man who discovered the laws of heredity
Gregor Mendel
a naturalist who sailed around the world gathering data on plants, animals, and geology and published the book On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
she was considered to be the perfect role model of the new roles of middle-class women
Queen Victoria
an economic system established through a dictatorship that abolishes private property and takes over the means of production
Communism
a new working class that capitalist took advantage of to make their profits.
Proletariat
the theory that portrayed individuals and nations as part of the same struggle for survival as the species
Social Darwinism
the belief that those that were better adaped to their environment survived long enough to reproduce and pass those adaptations to their offspring
Natural selection
the idea that men belonged to the world of business and women belonged in the home
Seperate spheres
a minister of finance in Russia that pursued a deliberate policy of industrialization
Sergei White
combinations of similar businesses grouped together under the direction of single entity
Trusts
the dominance of a particular market
monopoly
people who buy companies as investments
financiers
the man who formed the United States Steel Corporation
J.P.Morgan
business organizations in which large numbers of people purchase shares of stocks or certificates of partial ownership
corporations
bridge builders who were considered to be some of the first civil engineers
Thomas Telford and Gustave Eiffel
used a gasoline-powered engine to fly the first airplane
Wilber and Orville Wright
the men who put an engine on a horse carriage to create the first automobile
Gottlieb Daimler and Carl Benz
the man who develped the internal combustion engine
Nikolaus August Otto
inventor the incandescent light bulb
Thomas Edison
the man who sent the first radio transmissions across the Atlantic
Guglielmo Marconi
inventor of the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
the man who improved the telegraph and created the Morse Code
Samuel Morse
the man who invented the locomotive
George Stephenson
the men who invented the early versions of the automobile
John MacAdam and Thomas Telford
an American inventor and Entrepreneur who invented the steamship
Robert Fulton
a utopian socialist who established several model communities that followed utopian socialism
Robert Owen
a socialist who wanted to create ideal communities that was basically perfect. He is the man responsible for the idea known as utopian socialism
Charles Fourier
a man who felt that the government should be a democracy and should promote educations, but it should stay out of people's lives as much as possible
John Stuart Mill
an English political philosopher who created the philosophy of utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham
a man who believed in following your own true self interest. He was a philosopher of the Enlightenment and influenced the Liberals in the Industrial Revolution in Britain
Adam Smith
a popular author who wrote the book Hard Times, explaining the conditions of living in the Industrial Revolution
Charles Dickens
the American inventor that invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
a man who used steam power to improve iron producton and used steam to power rolling mills which transformed iron into other shapes.
Henry Cort
a man who improved upon Newcomen's invention of the steampowered water pump using far less fuel. It also used rotary power.
James Watt
a man who improved the steam-powered water pump.
Thomas Newcomen
the inventor of the steam-powered pump to pump water out of the mines
Thomas Savery
discovered that replacing the charcoal with coke (purified coal) that the process was more efficient and economical.
Abraham Darby
a preacher who invented the first power loom
Edmund Cartwright
the man who invented the water frame and started the first factory. He is often known as the "father of the factory system."
Richard Arkwright
a weaver who invented the spinning jenny
James Hargreaves
the man who introduced the seed drill and found out that crops grow better without weeds, and he developed the horse-drawn hoe
Jethro Tull
man who use the Dutch technique of crop rotation and spread it in Britain
Lord Townshend
a machine which burned gasoline
Internal combustion engine
an electric generator
dynamo
a steam powered engine that pulled a train of connected cars on iron rails
locomotive
a general walkout of all workers in the union to receive better pay, hours, or another goal
strike
a group of artisans who often went on strike against factories, attempting to put them out of business because they were mad that machines had put them out of business
trade unions
a community where people lived and worked together in perfect harmony
Utopian socialism
the capital and the equipment needed to produce and exchange goods and use them for the common good of all the people
means of production
the belief that individual interests must give way to the interests of society as a whole
socialism
the belief that laws should be used only if they bring happiness to a large number of the people and if it does not, the law should be abandoned.
Utilitarianism
the belief in the importance of individual liberty in all areas focusing on freedom of conscience, freedom, thought, and speech as well as pursuing your own economic interests.
liberalism
the growth of cities
Urbinization
a machine that separated the seeds from cotton more quickly and efficiently than doing it by hand
cotton gin
large water-powered spinning machine invented by Richard Arkwright
water frame
muscle-powered wooden machine that could spin eight cotton threads at a time, invented by James Hargreaves
spinning jenny
system of cloth production in which people worked on the cleaning, spinning, and weaving of wool in their homes
domestic system
a machine that planted seeds in rows at the proper depth invented by Jethro Tull
seed drill
a method of alternating different kinds of crops to preserve soil fertility
crop rotation
land was divided into strips and worked by the villagers
open-field farming
a change from food gathering to food producing
Argicultural Revolution
the use of private money or goods to produce a profit
capitalism
people who risked their wealth by investing in new technonoly or business ventures
Entrepreneurs
a phase of technological developement that began in Britain in 1750's
Industrial Revolution

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