psychology ch. 3
Terms
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- fetal monitor
- a device that measures the baby's heartbeat during labor
- small-for-gestational-age infants
- infants who, because of delayed fetal growth, weigh 90 (or less) of the average weight of infants of the same gestational age
- preterm infants
- infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception (also known as premature infants)
- apgar scale
- a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns (appearance, pulse, grimage, activity, respiration)
- low-birthweight infants
- infants who weight less than 2,500 grams (around 5 1/2 pounds) at birth
- braxton-hicks
- contractions called "false labor"
- operant conditioning
- a form of learning in which a voluntary response is stregthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences
- infant mortality
- death within the first year of life
- states of arousal
- different degrees of sleep and wakefulness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitation
- episiotomy
- an incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening for the vagina to allow the baby to pass
- bonding
- close physical and emotional contact between parent and child during the period immediately following birth, argued by some to affect later relationship strength
- postmature infants
- infants still unborn 2 weeks after the mother's due date
- neonates
- the term used for newborns
- habituation
- the decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus
- classical conditioning
- a type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
- anoxia
- a restriction of oxygen to the baby, lasting a few minutes during the birth process, which can produce brain damage
- stillbirth
- the delivery of a child who is not alive, occuring in less than 1 delivery in 100
- reflexes
- unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certai stimuli
- very-low-birthweight infants
- infants who weigh less an 1,250 grams (around 2 1/4 pounds) or, regardless of weight, have been in the womb less than 30 weeks
- cesarean delivery
- a birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus rather than traveling through the birth canal