Health Psychology chap7-chap12
Terms
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- compassion fatigue
- not too close, not too far from patients
- physician impairment
- a state in which stress-related symptoms interfere with the physician\'s ability to perform his or her job. (substance abuse, alcoholic, drug)
- role strain (gender issue)
- female feel torn by the demands of multipel roles (mother, physician, wife...)
- advanced-practice nursing
- nursing that include teaching, consulting, and research within a speciality area.
- name 2 advanced-practice nursing
- 1. clinical nurse specialist: master\'s or doctorial degree in nursing. 2. nurse practitioner: might work in rural, remote settings \"caring & curing overlap\"
- job strain model
- suggests a job with high strain is one that includes high demands & low control.
- name 2 other health care professionals (except physician and nurse)
- 1. pysiotherapist 2. technologiest
- health promotion
- strategies intend to maintain or improve health of large population.
- 3 level framework for successful community-oriented health promotion
- 1.medical :disease treatment 2.public health: disease prevention 3.sociaoenvironmental : social change & public health policy.
- Self-care
- exercise, diet, risk behaviours, voluntary screening, regular medical chackups.
- mutual aid
- we have responsibility to family, friends, loved ones, and for that matter, society as whole when it comes to health & safety.
- how can health promotion reduce inequities?
- 1. naturally occurring support : support from friends, families... 2. agency-provided support: provided by agency & organization
- 3 types of social support
- 1. practical support: help with the daily living, getting meals, going to medical appointment 2. informational support: being told about treatment options, what to do to speed recovery 3. emotional support: understand fears & frustrations.
- elaboration likelihood model of persuation (2 routes)
- 1. central route: use of logic, facts, and reason. 2. peripheral route: appeal to emotion & general impression
- Driven-reduction theory
- we are driven to reduce the tention brought about by deprivation or other states to which we have an aversion.
- self-accountability
- person feels responsible for a given emotion or situation -applies fear, guilt and regret.
- the precede-proceed model
- a way to facilitate & analyze health promotion programs from the planning stages through to their implementation & impact.
- 7 standards in evaluation system (health promotion)
- 1. arbitrary standards 2. experiential standards 3. historical standards 4. normative standards 5. scientific standards 6. propriety standards 7. feasibility standards
- difference between sport psychology & exercise psychology.
- sport psychology: mind-to body relationship exercise psychology: body-to- mind psychology
- physical activity
- a function of bodily movements produced by skeletal muscles.
- physical fitness
- physiological functioning & describes attribues we have that influence the ability to perform physical activity
- sports
- too inclusive & it is difficult to distinguish activities. activity that involves rule or limits a sense of history.
- health-illness continunm
- each level mede up of five components 1.mental 2.physical 3.emotional 4.social 5. spiritual health
- what are active leisure & passive leisure?
- active: extreme positive experience associated with activities such as hobbies. passive: positive experience that is associated with lack of activity. (listening to music)
- 5 forms of physical activity
- 1. isometric exercise 2. isotonic exercise 3. isokinetic exercise 4.anaerobic exercise 5.aerobic exercise
- 4 efficacy expectations in physical activity
- 1. performance accomplishments 2. vicarious accomplishments 3. verbal persuasion 4. emotional arousal
- self-talk
- one of the ways that people think -correct bad habits -focus attention -modify activation -up self-confidence & efficacy -maintain exercise behaviour.
- 2 different goal perspectives: (orientation)
- -ego orientation: success & failure -task orientation: satisfaction is derived more from the sense of competence experienced through improvement
- 3 different types of goal-setting
- 1. outcome goals: result of outcomes of events & usually involve comparison to others. 2. performance goals: outcome that can be achieved independently of others performance. 3. process goals: focus on specific processes that a performer will be concerned with during a performance.
- 2 different kinds of approaches in injury.
- 1. stages-of-reaction approach 2. the cognitive appraisal approach: views an injury in the context of stress & coping model.
- 2 types of concussion
- 1. acceleration-deceleration injury: immobile head is hit by a moving object or moving head his an immobile object 2. rotational injury: result from a blow to the side of the head
- second-impact syndrome
- athelete who has suffered a concussion returns to activity too soon& receives another blow to the head, which ca result in much greater trauma to the brain than that initially experienced.
- post-concussion syndrome
- a set of syndromes including memory problems, difficulties in concentration, complaints such as headaches dizziness and irritability.
- 4 types of regular smokers
- 1. positive-affect smoker 2. negative-affect smoker 3. habitual smoker 4. addictive smoker
- what is the disease which 80% of death in smokers.
- lung cancer
- what is the disease which are all experienced by smokers?
- chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)
- term of second-hand smoke
- environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
- chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)
- disease which experienced by all smokers
- what is the 80% death cause in smoking?
- lung cancer
- what is the term of second-hand smoke
- environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)
- withdrawal
- unpleasant symptoms that people experience when they stop using a substance they have become dependent
- therapy to quit smoking
- -nicotine-replacement therapy -aversion therapy -self-management strategies: self-monitoring, stimulus control, behavioural contravting
- ethanol
- the alcohol use in bevarages. it is like a depressant drugs
- fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
- the range of disabilities aused by prenatal exposure to alcohol theses effects are perment
- 2 types of alcoholism
- -gamma alcoholism: loss of control one drinking begins. -delta alcoholism: inability to abstain (æ–ã¤ã“ã¨ãŒã§ããªã„)
- alcohol myopia
- drinker\'s decrease ability to engage in insightful cognitive processing
- stages of change model (to quit smoking)
- -precontemplation -contemplation -preparation -action -maintenance -relapse
- canabis
- leads short-term memory, judgement, time perception
- hallucinogens
- dramatically affect perception, emotions mental processes, can result in hallucinations
- cocaine
- -stimulant drug -increase alterness, feelings of euphobia
- Information-motivation-behavioural skills model
- steps to go through to engage in safe-sex practices.
- obesity
- excess of body fat, 25% or weight in women, 18% in men.
- 3 psychological approaches to obesity.
- 1. social facilitation approach : eat groups 2.modelling or matching effect: people tend to eat as much as do those in their presence. 3. impression management approach:observed and evaluated.
- surgical treatment in obesity
- -gastric bypass: a small pouch is created at the bottom of the esophogus to limit food intake -gastric bonding: placing a band around the stomach so that a person feels full after consuming only a small portion.
- 3 types of eating disorder:
- 1. bulimia nervosa 2.anorexia nervosa 3.binge eating disorder (BEP)
- body dysmorphic disorder
- condition in which individuals who suffer from eating disorders do not perceive their bodies accurately.
- major 3 function that \"pain\" serves.
- 1. prevent serious injury. 2. basis of learning to avoid injurious objects or situations that may occur at a later time. 3. limit on activity & enforce inactivity & rest.
- 2 fibres in peripheral NS for pain.
- 1.A-delta fibres 2.C-fibres
- gate control theory
- neural mechamism in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord acts like a gate.
- phantom limb pain
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- neuromatrix theory
- extension of gate theory. greater emphasis placed on the brain\'s role in pain perception.
- 3 types of chronic pain
- 1. chronic recurrent pain 2. chronic intractable benign pain 3. chronic progressive pain
- pain behaviour
- reduce pain or prevent from getting worse, the tendency to continue the behaviour is reinforced. (limping, sleeping disturbance)
- 3 psychophysiological measures in of pain
- 1. electromypgraph (EMG) 2. autonomic activity 3. electroencephalograph (EEG)
- pharmacological control pain
- 1. peripherally acting analgesics 2. centrally acting analogesis 3. local anaestherics
- other control of pain
- 1. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 2. acupuncture 3. physical therapy
- biofeedback
- teach patients to exert voluntary control over a bodily process that they are usually unaware of, such as heart rate.
- hypnosis
- an altered state of consciousness.
- oncology
- the study of & treatment of cancer.
- metastasize
- grow uncontrolled cells & destroy normal ones. and spread to other parts.
- intrusive memories
- unwanted thoughts often visual in nature, that are related to memories that the patient has about cancer & death.
- cancer treatments (4)
- 1. radical surgery 2. radiation therapy 3. chemotherapy 4. adjuvant therapy
- 3 types of diabetes
- 1. insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1) 2. non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type2) 3. gestational diabetes
- hypoglycemia
- low blood sugar
- 3 types of conditions of cariovascular system
- 1. myocardial infarction (MI) 2. coronary artery bypas graft (CABG) 3. angioplasty
- major treatment of AIDS
- -high active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) -protease inhibitor
- quality of life
- the extent to which symptoms & treatment affect a person\'s physical, social,cognitive emotional function.
- reaction to impending death
- -denial -anger -bargaining -depression -acceptance
- bereavement
- emotions attendant upon the loss of a close friends of loved ones.
- grief
- deep sorrow, usually in response to bereavement.