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Psychology 100- Personality

Terms

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Define PERSONALITY
The consistent ways in which one behaves. Latin for "mask"
Define PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
Relates personality to the conflicting forces within the individual. Began with Freud
What is the goal of PSYCHOANALYSIS?
To bring the unconscious into the conscious, or into awareness
What is the OEDIPUS COMPLEX?
When children wish to have sex with their opposite sex parent but realize that it is forbidden
What is PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT?
Freud proposed that people have a psychosexual energy and broke it down into five stages, each with its own way for seeking gratification
Explain the ORAL STAGE
First stage of phychosexual development where an infant (0-1) derives psychosexual pleasure from stimulation of the mouth
Explain the ANAL STAGE
Second stage of phychosexual development where the toddler (1-3) derives psychosexual pleasure from stimulaion of the anal area and bowelk movements
Explain the PHALLIC STAGE
Third stage of phychosexual development where a child (3-6) derives psychosexual pleausre from stimulation of the genitals, and becomes attracted to the opposite-sex parent
Explain the LATENT PERIOD
Fourth stage of phychosexual development where a child (6-adolescence) suppresses his or her psychosexual interest. Tend to play with same sex peers
Explain the GENITAL STAGE
Fifth stage of phychosexual development where the individual (adolescence and beyond) has a strong sexual interest in other people and derives psychosexual satisfaction from intercourse
What is the ID?
The part of personality that is comprised of all our biological drives that demand immediate gratification
What is the EGO?
The rational, negotiating, and desicion-making component of personality
What is the SUPEREGO?
The part of personality of internalized values and rules that we receive from our parents and society
What is a DEFENSE MECHANISM?
Unpleasant thoughts and feeling to the unconscious
Explain RATIONALIZATION
When people "make excuses" and reframe thoughts, feelings or memories
Explain REPRESSION
"Motivated forgetting" of painful or unacceptable thoughts, feelings of memories
Explain REGRESSION
Return to a more juvenile way of thinking or acting
Explain DENIAL
Refusal to acknowledge something that causes anxiety
Explain DISPLACEMENT
The diversion of an unacceptable thought or impulse from its actual target to a less threatening object or person
Explain REACTION FORMATION
Presenting your thoughts or feelings as the opposite of what they actually are
Explain SUBLIMATION
The transformation of aggresive energies into acceptable and pro-social behaviors
Explain PROJECTION
Attributing one's own undesirable characteristics or motives to other people
What are NEO-FREUDIANS?
Psychologists who adopted some parts of Freud's theory and modified other parts
What did KAREN HORNEYE believe?
The Freud exaggerated the role of sexualtiy in human behavior and placed less emphasis on women and the dynamics of family relationships
What did CARL JUNG believe?
He put a greater emphasis on human experience and the human need for spiritual meaning in life
What did ADLER propose?
Humans have a natural deire to strive for superiority
What is the INFERIORITY COMPLEX?
An exaggerated feeling of inadequacy, throughout their lives
What is the LEARNING APPROACH do?
It relates specific behaviors to our environment
Explain what HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY does
It deals with consciousness, including spirituality and guiding principles by which people live their lives
What did CARL ROGERS believe?
He believed that children develop a self-concept and ideal self
What is SELF CONCEPT?
An image of the person that they really are
What is the IDEAL SELF?
An image that represents what the person "should" be
What did ABRAHAM MASLOW propose?
People have a heirarchy of motivating needs and the highest need of these is the need to become self actualized
What is a STANDARDIZED TEST?
A test administered according to specified rules where the score are interpreted using specific instructions
What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)?
A test comprised of 567 true-fals questions to see if a person is motivated to make themselves appear more or less mentally healthy than they actually are
Explain RORSCHACH INKBLOTS
A personality test that is composed of a series of 10 ambiguous inkblots
Explain the THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST (TAT)
A personality test that is based upon the presentation of a series of pictures

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