Psychology - Test 1 Dr. Sommers
Terms
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- psychology
- science of behavior and mind
- behavior
- observable actions
- mind
- individual's sensations and subjective experience
- founding of psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt - Germany - 1879 (First university-based psychology laboratory)
- roots of psychology
- philosophers, physicists, physiologists, and naturalists
- dualism
- two distinctly but intimately conjoined entities - a material body and immaterial soul -> developed by Descartes (soul acts on a body at particular physical location [pineal body in brain])
- materialism
- Hobbes - soul is meaningless, nothing exists except matter and energy
- structuralism
- Wundt - break down into constituent parts (ie break down behavior into simplest components and rebuild)
- funtionalism
- William James - interested in function of behavior (influenced by Darwin)
- behaviorists
- John Watson and BF Skinner - study observable events, wanted to predict and control behavior
- Law of Affect
- behavioralism - behaviors followed by positive consequences tend to be repeated, negative tend not to
- psychoanalysis
- Sigmund Freud - essential to study unobservable behavior and thought and mind -> importance of the unconcious
- empiricists
- everything about you is based on experience
- nativists
- humans are born with some basic instincts
- scientific method
- observe a problem -> come up with a hypothesis -> test it -> record and interpret data -> reject/retain hyp. -> publish results
- naturalistic observation
- go out and see what happens
- case studies
- can get a look at rare cases
- interviews/surveys
- efficient method of gathering large amount of data (don't want biased sample)
- correlational research
- soley measure (and don't manipulate)
- experimental research
- make cause-effect relationship by manipulating 1 variable and controlling the rest