Psych Final: Chapter 7
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- encoding
- the process of aquiring information and entering it into memory
- acoustic encoding
- the mental representation of information as images
- visual encoding
- the mental representation of information as images
- storage
- the process od maintaining information in memory over time
- retrival
- the preocess of recalling informantion stored in memory
- episodic memory
- memory of an event that happened while one was present
- semantic memory
-
a type of memory containing generalized knowledge of the world; facts
ex. 32 degrees is room temp. - procedural memory
- a type of memory containing information about how to do things
- explicit memory
- the process in which people try to remember something
- implicit memory
- the unintentional influence of prior experiences
- levels-of-processing model
-
a view stating that how well something is remembered depends on the degree to which incomming information is mentally processed
sensory memory- short-term memory- long term memory - maintenance rehersal
- one of 2 types of mental rehersal; repeating information over and over to keep it active in short term memory
- elaborative rehersal
- a memorization method that involves thinking about how new information related to old information in long term memory
- transfer-appropriate processing model
- a model of memory that suggests that a critical determinant of memory is how well the retrival process matches the encoding process
- information-processing model
- A model of memory in which information is seen as passing through sensory memory, short-term and long term-memory
- sensory memory
- a type of memory that holds large amounts of incomming information very briefly, but long enough to connect one impression to the next
- sensory registers
- act as storage bins; hold incomming information long enough for it to be processes futher
- selective attention
- the focusing of mental resources on only part of the stimulous field
- short-term memory
- the maintenance component of working memory which holds unrehearsed information for a limited time
- working memory
- the part of the memory system that allows us to mentally work with, minipulate information being held in short term memory
- immediate memory span
- the maximum number of items a person can recall perfectly after once presentation of all the idems ( about 6 or 7)
- chunks
- Stimuli that are precieved as one unit or as a meaningful grouping of information
- Brown Peterson procedure
- A method for determining how long unrehearsed information remains in short term memory
- long term memory
- a relatively long lasting stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be unlimited
- primacy effect
- a characteristic of memory inwhich recall of the first two or three items in a list are particularly good
- regency effect
- a characteristic of memory in which recal is particularlty good for the last few items in the list
- retrieval clues
- stimuli that aid the recall or recognition of information stored in memory
- encoding specificity principal
- a principal stating that the ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on the degree to which it it taps information that was encoded at the time of original learning
- context-dependent memory
- memory that can be helped or hindered by simularities or differences between the context in which it is learned and the context in which it is recalled
- state-dependency memory
- memory that is aided or impeded by a personal internal state
- spreading activation
- a principal that explains how information is retrived in semantic netword theories of memory
- schemas
- Mental representations of categories of objects, events, and people
- method of saving
- measuring forgeting by computing the difference between the number of repitions need to learn and after a delay relearn the same material
- decay
- the gradual disappearance of the mental representation of a stimulous
- interference
- the process through which either the storage or the retrieval of information is impared by the oresence of other information
- retroactive interference
- a cause of forgitting in which new information placed in memory interferes with the ability to recall information already in memory
- proactive interference
- a cause of forgetting in which information already is memory interferes with the ability to remember new information
- anterograde amnesia
- a loss of memory for any event that occurs after a brain injusy
- retrograde amnesia
- the loss of memory for event prior to a brain injury- can't remember weeks, months years before the injury
- mnemonics
- strategies for placing information in an organized context in order to remember it
- Serial position effects
- generally we remember the first several items and last several items
- Hippocampus
- a structure in the forebrain associated with the formation of new memories
- Hypothalamus
- A structure in the forebrain that regulates hunger, thrist, and sex drive
- Amgdala
- a structure in the fore brain that associates features of stimuli from two sensory modalities
- Semantic Encoding
-
the meaning of experiences of factual information in memory
ex. kids in other countries know the words to songs but not the meaning